施肥方式对大豆不同生育期生长发育及产量的影响  

Effects of Fertilization Patterns on Growth and Yield of Soybean at Different Growth Stages

作　　者：刘楚华 刘瑜 纪晓玲[1,2] 张雄 王小林[1,2] LIU Chuhua;LIU Yu;JI Xiaoling;ZHANG Xiong;WANG Xiaolin(College of Life Sciences,Yulin University,Yulin,Shaanxi 719100,China;Arid Region Crop Water-Saving Engineering Technology Research Center of Northern Shaanxi,Yulin,Shaanxi 719100,China)

机构地区：[1]榆林学院生命科学学院,陕西榆林719000 [2]陕西省陕北旱区作物节水工程技术研究中心,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2023年第1期51-58,共8页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：陕西省科技厅重点项目(2021JZ-55);陕西省榆林市科技计划项目(2019-106-2);国家自然科学基金项目(41967013、31751001);榆林学院高层次人才科研启动金(17GK20)。

摘　　要：为了探究氮、磷、钾肥、有机肥、生物菌肥的施肥策略对大豆生长发育及产量的影响,并为黄土旱区种植大豆选择适宜的肥料配比提供科学依据。试验以汾豆‘78’为研究对象,共设置CK(裸地;N,30 kg/hm~2)、A(膜际;N,30 kg/hm~2)、B(膜际;N,60 kg/hm~2;P_(2)O_(5),30 kg/hm~2;K_(2)O,30 kg/hm~2)、C(膜际;N,90 kg/hm~2;P_(2)O_(5),45 kg/hm~2;K_(2)O,30 kg/hm~2)、D(膜际;N,90 kg/hm~2;P_(2)O_(5),45 kg/hm~2;K_(2)O,30 kg/hm~2;优质营养土2.5 t/hm~2)、E(膜际;N,60 kg/hm~2;P_(2)O_(5),30 kg/hm~2;K_(2)O,30 kg/hm~2;微生物菌肥10 kg/hm~2)六个处理模式,采用随机区组设计,重复3次实验组,解析不同施肥策略对大豆的生长发育、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:(1)化肥配施有机肥能显著增加大豆的株高、茎粗,比对照CK分别增加了24.23%、21.20%;(2)增施N、P、K肥有利用大豆初期生物量的积累,后期有机肥的肥效开始呈现,成熟期增施有机肥效果最佳;(3)化肥配施有机肥、化肥配施生物菌肥有效促进大豆的光合速率和水分利用效率,光合速率比对照分别增加20.81%、19.91%,叶片水分利用效率比对照分别增加了20.18%、10.80%;(4)化肥合理配施有机肥显著提高大豆的产量,其产量达到了3 690.55 kg/hm~2,比对照增产53.29%。综上所述,化肥、有机肥和生物菌肥配施有利于促进大豆的生长发育和提高产量,而化肥配施有机肥为最佳的肥料配比方案。The effects of fertilization patterns of N,P,K,organic fertilizer and biological fungus fertilizer on the growth and yield of soybean were explored,so as to provide a scientific basis for the selection of the appropriate fertilizer ratio for plant soybean in arid region of Loess Plateau,Fen bean ’78’ was taken as the research object,six treatments,including CK(bare land,N,30 kg/hm~2),A(film mulching,N,30 kg/hm~2),B(film mulching,N,60 kg/hm~2;P_(2)O_(5),30 kg/hm~2;K_(2)O,30 kg/hm~2),C(film mulching,N,90 kg/hm~2;P_(2)O_(5),45 kg/hm~2;K_(2)O,30 kg/hm~2),D(film mulching,N,90 kg/hm~2;P_(2)O_(5),45 kg/hm~2;K_(2)O,30 kg/hm~2;High quality nutrient soil 2.5t/hm~2),E(film mulching,N,60 kg/hm~2;P_(2)O_(5),30 kg/hm~2;K_(2)O,30 kg/hm~2;10 kg/hm~2 microbial fertilizer),were set up to analyze the effects of different fertilization patterns on growth,yield and water use efficiency of soybean.The results showed that:(1)The plant height and stem diameter of soybean were significantly increased by 24.23% and 21.20% compared with CK,respectively.(2)Increasing N,P and K fertilizer was benificial to the accumulation of biomass at the early stage of soybean,and the fertilizer effect of organic fertilizer was shown at the later stage,and the effect of increasing organic fertilizer at maturity stage was the best;(3)Chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer combined with microbial fertilizer could effectively promote photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of soybean,the photosynthetic rate increased by 20.81% and 19.91%,respectively,and leaf water use efficiency increased by 20.18% and 10.80%,respectively,compared with the control.(4)Fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer significantly increased soybean yield to 3 690.55 kg/hm~2,which was 53.29% higher than that of the control.In conclusion,the combined application of chemical fertilizer,organic fertilizer and biological fungus fertilizer is beneficial to promote the growth and development of soybean and improve the yield,and the combined

关 键 词：旱作大豆 肥料配比 生物量分配 光合速率 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S365