用农作物秸秆高效生物合成人造淀粉和单细胞蛋白  

Biosynthesis of artificial starch and microbial protein from agricultural residue

作　　者：徐欣欣 张伟 游淳 范超 纪王莉 Jong-Tae Park Jiyun Kwak 陈红歌 张以恒 马延和 Xinxin Xu;Wei Zhang;Chun You;Chao Fan;Wangli Ji;Jong-Tae Park;Jiyun Kwak;Hongge Chen;Yi-Heng P.Job Zhang;Yanhe Ma(Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Tianjin 300308,China;Biotechnology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Department of Food Science and Technology,Chungnam National University,Daejeon 34134,Republic of Korea;College of Life Sciences,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Tianjin 300308,China [2]Biotechnology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China [3]Department of Food Science and Technology,Chungnam National University,Daejeon 34134,Republic of Korea [4]College of Life Sciences,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China

出　　处：《Science Bulletin》2023年第2期214-223,M0004,共11页科学通报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA0912300);the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP);Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project,China(TSBICIP-CXRC-067)。

摘　　要：全球人口快速增长和气候变化正在引发可能的粮食危机.本研究开发了一种利用现有且丰富的农业废弃物(秸秆)高效合成人造淀粉和微生物蛋白的新技术.利用没有辅酶的体外多酶分子机器和酿酒酵母进行一锅法生物转化,将预处理玉米秸秆中的纤维素进行酶水解合成人造淀粉,同时在有氧条件下发酵生产微生物蛋白.低成本去除β-葡萄糖糖苷酶的商业化纤维素酶以及在酿酒酵母细胞表面展示骨架蛋白用于固定淀粉磷酸化酶和纤维二糖磷酸化酶,构成一个多酶分子机器与酵母的复合体系,从而实现稀酸预处理秸秆的高效纤维素水解;利用纤维素水解中间产物的底物穿梭效应(从纤维素到微生物),快速消除葡萄糖对纤维素酶的产物抑制,比富含商业β-葡萄糖苷酶的纤维素酶混合物表现出更好的纤维素水解速率.动物实验结果显示,人造直链淀粉摄入引起缓慢平缓的血糖水平变化,表明直链淀粉作为预防肥胖和糖尿病的健康食品的应用前景.利用农业废弃物资源高效生物合成人造淀粉和微生物蛋白是解决粮食危机,实现农业可持续发展的重要途径之一.Growing populations and climate change pose great challenges to food security. Humankind is confronting a serious question: how will we feed the world in the near future? This study presents an out-of-the-box solution involving the highly efficient biosynthesis of artificial starch and microbial proteins from available and abundant agricultural residue as new feed and food sources. A one-pot biotransformation using an in vitro coenzyme-free synthetic enzymatic pathway and baker’s yeast can simultaneously convert dilute sulfuric acid-pretreated corn stover to artificial starch and microbial protein under aerobic conditions. The β-glucosidase-free commercial cellulase mixture plus an ex vivo twoenzyme complex containing cellobiose phosphorylase and potato a-glucan phosphorylase displayed on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, showed better cellulose hydrolysis rates than a commercial β-glucosidase-rich cellulase mixture. This is because the channeling of the hydrolytic product from the solid cellulosic feedstock to the yeast mitigated the inhibition of the cellulase cocktail. Animal tests have shown that the digestion of artificial amylose results in slow and relatively small changes in blood sugar levels, suggesting that it could be a new health food component that prevents obesity and diabetes. A combination of the utilization of available agricultural residue and the biosynthesis of starch and microbial protein from non-food biomass could address the looming food crisis in the food–energy–water nexus.

关 键 词：直链淀粉 微生物蛋白 产物抑制 纤维素水解 淀粉磷酸化酶 粮食危机 动物实验结果 单细胞蛋白 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]