风险情境下战略变革过程中试错学习机制的双案例研究  

A Dual Case Study of Trial-and-Error Learning Mechanisms in the Strategic Change Processes under Risk Contexts

作　　者：韵江[1,2] 暴莹 Yun Jiang;Bao Ying(School of Business Administration,Dongbei University of Finance and Economics;School of Tourism and Hotel Management,Dongbei University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]东北财经大学工商管理学院 [2]东北财经大学旅游与酒店管理学院

出　　处：《管理世界》2023年第2期141-169,共29页Journal of Management World

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“高质量发展情境下中国企业的高端化战略变革理论研究”(基金号:21&ZD140);国家自然科学基金项目“数字化转型的‘索洛悖论’微观破解:互补/互动组合视角下的试错机制对战略变革的影响研究”(基金号:72072024);国家自然科学基金项目“联结TMT创造力与战略变革的有效机制:以高阶(特征)和双元(过程)为整合主线的探索”(基金号:71672025);辽宁省百千万人才项目(辽人社函[2020]78号)的资助。

摘　　要：全球不确定加剧情境下,探索通过试错学习来解决变革复杂过程和风险应对问题,逐渐吸引了学术界的兴趣与关注。然而,试错学习作为实践观和过程观的重要变量在战略领域尚处于探索研究阶段,其核心内涵、维度分析以及效应机制等方面还亟待深化。本研究基于“刺激—反应—结果”分析框架,探究风险情境下试错学习推动战略变革的微观机制。研究发现:(1)风险情境下的企业战略变革是一种试错性的知识创造的活动,从变革启动到变革实现存在复杂的认知与行为链条,其中试错学习是改善战略变革的重要微观机制;(2)试错学习过程中,组织会针对不同的错误采取适配的解错试验。在战略变革的初期、中期和后期,企业在“知识基—技能基—规则基”维度涌现出3种不同的错误组合类型(即“复合型”、“双元型”和“单一型”错误),并从容错、隔错、纠错试验组合中采取适配的解错策略;(3)试错学习是从处理错误的实践中实现知识创造的过程,组织在“错误识别”(认知)与“解错试验”(行为)的反馈、反思中形成知行相须、知行相长和知行相变的“知行合一”效应,并在选择、反思和迭代中推动了组织的知识创造。研究联结了战略变革的“宏观”与“微观”两个层面的研究,解释了企业如何通过“微观”行动去化解“宏观”难题,并为现实中高速变化的动态情境下企业战略变革实践提供有效路径和理论指导。In the context of intensifying global uncertainty,trial-and-error learning has gradually attracted academic interest and atten-tion as an important variable of the practice view and process view,which can effectively address the complex process of change and riskresponse.However,trial-and-error learning is an important variable in the practice and process view,which is still in the exploratory re-search stage in the field of strategy,and its core connotation,dimensional analysis and effect mechanism still need to be deepened.Basedon the"stimulus-response-outcome"analysis framework,the micro-process mechanism of trial-and-error learning for strategic change inrisky contexts is explained.The findings are as follows:(1)Corporate strategic change in risky contexts is a trial-and-error knowledge cre-ation activity,and there is a complex cognitive and behavioral chain from change initiation to change realization,in which trial-and-errorlearning is an important micro mechanism for improving strategic change.(2)In the trial-and-error learning process,the organizationadopts the appropriate error solving tests for different errors.In the early,middle,and late stages of strategic change,three different typesof error combinations("compound""dual"and"single"errors)emerge in the"knowledge-based,skill-based,and rule-based"dimension,and appropriate error solving strategies are adopted from error tolerance,error isolation and error correction experiments.(3)Trial-and-er-ror learning is the process of knowledge creation from the practice of handling errors.The organization forms the unity of knowledge andaction effect of"knowledge and action mutual dependence","knowledge and action mutual improvement"and"knowledge and action mutu-al change"through the feedback and reflection of"error identification"(cognition)and"error solving test"(behavior),and promotes knowl-edge creation in the organization through selection,reflection and iteration.This paper connects the"macro"and"micro"levels of strategicchange,explaining how enterprises ca

关 键 词：战略变革 试错学习 风险情境 知识创造 知行合一 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理]