敦煌蒙书《武王家教》与唐代家教中的“人伦”教育解析——以“五逆”为中心  

An Analysis on The Book of King Wu's Family and Family Ethical Education in the Tang Dynasty

作　　者：金滢坤 Jin Yingkun

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《社会科学战线》2022年第12期83-94,F0002,282,共14页Social Science Front

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(16ZDA121);北京师范大学青年教师基金项目(2022NTSS04);北京师范大学教育学一流学科培优项目(YLXKPY-XSDW202203)。

摘　　要：文章以敦煌蒙书《武王家教》中影响家庭富贵、贫贱和生命长短的“五逆”为中心,深度解析了“五逆”与儒释道的文化渊源,以及其与唐代科举、铨选、法律、文化等社会变迁的关系,重点探讨了“五逆”与家教观念、家训、童蒙教育的关系,以及在世人治家、治世和社会教化中的作用。所谓“五逆”是利用民间俗语,指唐代家教、童蒙教育及社会教化中常见的子弟不孝父母、不爱师友、事官不勤、违上命教、乡党不相唇齿等五种自以为是、不当不雅的行为举止,涵盖子弟应对中应该注意的父子、师长、君臣、上下、邻里五种社会关系,其实就是对子弟最关键的“人伦”教育,反映了唐代民间智慧和处世哲理。“五逆”之行可导致子弟失家教、失学业、失宦途,目无尊长、狂妄自大,有违儒家君子“立身扬名”的培养目的,以及家庭对子弟光大门第的期望,故对现代少年儿童教育和成人社会教化均有启发。The study,with a focus on the Five Rebels,five elements as believed to affect family wealth,poverty and life span in The Book of King Wu's Family,one of the Dunhuang enlightening education books,analyzes the cultural origins of the five rebels and Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,as well as its relationship with the social changes such as the imperial examination,Quan selection,law,and culture in the Tang Dynasty.It mainly discusses the relationship between the five rebels and the concept of family education,family instruction and Dunhuang enlightening education,and their functions in managing family and the society.The five rebels is a folk saying,refers to children's unfilial to parents,to teachers,not working hard,not complying with the order,quarreling with the neighbors,and the other indecent behaviors.It covers the five social relations between father and son,teachers and pupils,Kings and subjects,superiors and subordinates,neighbors and neighbors,reflecting the folk wisdom and life philosophy of the Tang Dynasty.Conducting the five rebels can lead to the failure of family education,learning career,official career,and no respect to the elders.Thus,this study has its implications to modern children's education and adult social education.

关 键 词：敦煌蒙书 《武王家教》 五逆 家教观念 童蒙教育 

分 类 号：K242[历史地理—历史学] G529[历史地理—中国史] G78[文化科学—教育学]