人力资本理论批判与劳动者主体性的当代反思--从马克思政治经济学批判的视角看  

Critique of Human Capital Theory and Contemporary Reflection on Laborers'Subjectivity--Based on the Perspective of Marx's Critique of Political Economy

作　　者：袁立国[1] YUAN Li-guo(Research Center for the Philosophy Fundamental Theory and School of Philosophy and Sociology,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学基础理论研究中心暨哲学社会学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《内蒙古社会科学》2022年第6期45-51,共7页Inner Mongolia Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“历史唯物主义语境中的‘精神政治学批判’研究”(编号:21XZX009)。

摘　　要：20世纪由舒尔茨开创的人力资本理论代表了一种典型的新自由主义风格,即通过把经济学延展为社会分析的一般方法,进而把资本逻辑普遍化。这一理论认为,在古典经济学中,劳动被视为一种抽象化的被动因素,而“完整的资本概念”应该把人包括进来,也就是基于对劳动者在知识、技能等方面的培训,最大程度地发挥劳动者主体性以实现经济增值。人力资本理论对劳动的重新主体化,造成了劳动者成为资本家的幻象。在马克思的政治经济学批判的视野中,人力资本理论并未超越劳动对资本的实际从属,困囿于资本主义内的任何劳动主体性建构都是伪主体。但由于后福特制生产的非物质化、智能化转向,使其具备了一定的劳动解放的潜能,这与马克思所揭示的大工业所造成的劳动趋势具有相通之处,成为在当代语境下继续思考劳动解放的重要切入点。The human capital theory initiated by Schulz in the 20 th century represents a typical neoliberal style: by extending economics as a general method of social analysis, capital logic is generalized. According to this theory, labor is regarded as an abstract passive factor in classical economics, while the complete concept of capital should include people, that is, based on the training of laborers in knowledge, skills and other aspects, the subjectivity of laborers should be given full play to realize economic appreciation. The re-subjectification of labor by the theory of human capital creates the illusion that laborers become capitalists. In the view of Marx’s critique of political economy, the theory of human capital does not surpass the actual subordination of labor to capital, and any construction of labor subjectivity confined to capitalism is a false subject. However, due to the dematerialization and intellectualization of post-ford production, it has a certain potential of labor liberation, which has something in common with the labor trend caused by the big industry revealed by Marx, and becomes an important starting point to continue thinking about labor liberation in the contemporary context.

关 键 词：人力资本理论 劳动者主体性 非物质劳动 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] F0-0[哲学宗教—哲学理论]