儒家伦理性情论与理情说的三种源初型态  

Three Primary Models of Confucian Ethics Theory on Temperament and Reason

作　　者：杨伟涛 李倩 YANG Wei-tao;LI Qian(School of Philosophy,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,Henan,450001;School of Marxism,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,Henan,450001)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学哲学学院,河南郑州450001 [2]郑州大学马克思主义学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第1期37-45,共9页Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“黑格尔对康德自然法和权利学说的伦理反思及其启示研究”(16BZX092);河南省高校哲学社会科学基础研究重大项目“西方近代启蒙自然法的道德哲学问题与伦理反思研究”(2017-ZCZD-001);河南省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目“中国传统伦理思想中情感与理性的关系及其融合研究”(2017-ZZJH-532)。

摘　　要：中国传统文化中“情”彰显丰厚意蕴,并常与人之“性”关联,同时不失“理”之调适。先秦时期儒家创始人孔子、孟子、荀子等思想家,注重于以性说情,或以情释性,主张性、情一体;同时又主张以理调情、节情、制情,或以礼挈情、导情,而“礼也者,理也”。孔子“仁”学兼性与情,以孝弟(悌)的自然亲情为始,推己及人而泛爱众;主张以知利仁、因情以礼,以礼挈情。孟子以恻隐、羞恶、恭敬、是非之心说仁义礼智四端性善,“心统性情”,四端之性亦为四端之情,并以之为人之“大体”;主张反求诸己求放心,理义调情,立“大体”之德以控制“小体”之情欲。荀子认为情不可免,从人的自然情感说性;主张以理节情,使情中理、中流,并主张化性起伪,称情而立文,以通“理”之礼养情、饰情、导情、兼情。先秦思想家孔子、孟子、荀子有关性、情、理的思想构成儒家伦理中性情论与理情说的源初型态,其后儒学家大多专注于性、情、理阐释及其关系探究,由此影响着中国传统哲学的学术脉路,通情达理成为中华民族文化和国民性格的独特印记。Emotion has plentiful meanings in Chinese culture and always correlates with human nature,as well as adjusted by reason.Original Confucian thinkers during the Pre-Qin period including Confucius,Mencius and Xunzi proposed integrating human nature with emotions since they either attached importance to explaining emotion with nature or explained nature with emotion,as well as proposed adjusting,moderating and controlling emotion through reason,raising and guiding emotion through ceremony since ceremony also meaning reason.Confucius’theory of benevolence contained both nature and emotion,proposed natural emotions such as filial piety and fraternal duties as the beginning,putting oneself in the position of the other up to loving everyone;as well as advocated benefiting the benevolence through knowledge,attaching proprieties through emotion,and raising emotion through the rite.Mencius explained four incipiencies including benevolence,righteousness,propriety and wisdom as good natures through four minds including sympathy,shame,respect,right and wrong,proposed minds unifying both nature and emotion,the four incipient natures were also four incipient emotions,as well be taken as the great aspects of persons;advocated seeking abandoned minds through reflecting and examining oneself,adjusting emotion through both reason and righteousness as well establishing morals of great aspects firstly thus to restrain small aspects of the sensual desire of the individual.Xunzi thought that emotions were unavoidable since he explained human nature through natural emotions,advocated restraining emotions through reason,guiding emotions conforming to both reason and grade,as well advocated transforming nature to the fake,founding culture through matching emotions,cultivating emotions,modifying emotions,guiding emotions and integrating emotions through reasonable ceremonies.Theories about human nature,emotion and reason of Confucius,Mencius and Xunzi during the Pre-Qin period constituted the primary models of theories on both human natur

关 键 词：儒家伦理 性情论 理情说 礼义调情 以理节情 

分 类 号：B82-09[哲学宗教—伦理学]