食品中放射性水平测量技术及标准现况调查与分析  

Investigation and analysis of current status of measurement technology and standards for radioactive levels in food

作　　者：姚美男 王欢[1] 孙亚茹[1] 马永忠[1] 白斌[1] Yao Meinan;Wang Huan;Sun Yaru;Ma Yongzhong;Bai Bin(Institute of Radiation Protection,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心放射卫生防护所,北京100013

出　　处：《国际放射医学核医学杂志》2022年第11期704-711,共8页International Journal of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Medicine

基　　金：北京市科技计划(Z211100007021010);北京市高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目(学科带头人-01-20)。

摘　　要：自上个世纪六十年代起,我国已开展对粮食和水源的放射性监测工作。至今,由于2次重大核电站事故,尤其是2011年日本福岛核事故中产生的放射性核素在海洋、大气和陆地上扩散并在食物链中积聚,放射性核素对人类健康的危害程度急需量化评估,因此,食品中放射性水平的测量至关重要。笔者概述了食品中放射性核素的常用测量方法,并对福岛核事故中造成公众健康危害的主要核素的具体测量技术和依据标准进行了分析,旨在为进一步完善测量食品中放射性核素的技术和标准提供理论支撑,为核辐射的应急管理和恢复策略提供数据支持,最终实现为公众的健康提供切实的保障。Since the 1960s,our country has carried out radioactive monitoring of food and water sources.So far,due to two major nuclear power plant accidents,especially the radionuclides produced in the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan in 2011,which have spread in the ocean,atmosphere and land and accumulated in the food chain,the hazard degree of radionuclides to human health needs to be quantitatively assessed.Therefore,the measurement of the level of radioactivity in food is crucial.This article outlined the commonly used measurement methods for radionuclides in food,and analyzed the specific measurement techniques and standards for the main contributing nuclides in the Fukushima nuclear accident that caused public health hazards.The aim was to provide theoretical support for further improving the technology and standards for measuring radionuclides in food,to provide data support for emergency management and recovery strategies of nuclear radiation,and to provide practical protection for public health finally.

关 键 词：食品污染 放射性 放射性同位素 放射测量术 放射性有害物质释放 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]