教育均等化措施何以造成“泛学区化”——基于北京市多校划片政策的实证检验  

Why Education Equalization Measures Cause“Extensive School Districtization”?Evidence from Policy of Multi-School Zoning in Beijing

作　　者：付扬军 曲卫东[1] Yangjun Fu;Weidong Qu(School of Public Administration and Policy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872

出　　处：《教育与经济》2023年第1期26-36,共11页Education & Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国房地产税制改革方案及模拟研究”(18BJY223)。

摘　　要：多校划片入学政策是中国义务教育阶段促进教育机会公平的重要举措,能否有效地抑制学区房溢价是评价政策实施效果的重要依据。基于北京市四个主城区二手房成交数据,采用改进的双重差分模型分析了多校划片政策对学区房价格的影响。在此基础上,探讨了不同学区类型政策实施的理论预期效应。研究发现,多校划片政策导致了划片范围内学区房价格提高约1.7%,但上涨效应在政策实施的第二个月才开始显现。上述结论经过一系列稳健性检验后仍然成立。进一步通过量化三种情形下的异质性效应,发现该政策对分享组学区房价格产生负向影响,而对受益组和均质组有显著的提升作用。因此,未来应根据区域教育水平的差异增加优质教育资源的供给、改善教育资源空间供需的不均衡,在实现教育公平的同时有效控制过高的学区房溢价。The multi-school zoning enrollment policy is an important measure to promote the fairness of educational opportunities in China’s compulsory education stage,and as a new educational reform program,whether it is effective in smoothing out school district house premiums directly affects the implementation effect of the policy.This paper analyzes the impact of the multi-school zoning policy on school district house prices using a modified difference in differences model based on second-hand house transaction data in Beijing.On this basis,the theoretical expected effects of the implementation of different school district policies are explored.It was found that the multi-school zoning policy led to an increase of about 1.7%in the prices of school district houses within the zoning area,but the increase effect only started to appear in the second month of the policy implementation.The above findings still held after a series of robustness tests.Further by quantifying the heterogeneity effects in the three scenarios,we find that the policy had a negative effect on school district house prices in the sharing group,while it had a significant boosting effect on the beneficiary and homogeneous groups.Therefore,the government should increase the supply of high-quality educational resources according to the differences of regional educational levels,improve the imbalance between supply and demand of educational resources space,and effectively control the price premium while realizing educational equity.

关 键 词：多校划片 学区房 均等化 双重差分模型 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]