《庄子》哲学中的自我转化与个体人格——以列子形象的建构为中心  

Self-transformation and Individual Personality in the Philosophy of the Zhuangzi-Centered on the Image of Liezi

作　　者：陈赟[1] CHEN Yun(Department of Philosophy and Institute of Modern Chinese Ideological and Cultural Studies,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学哲学系暨中国现代思想文化研究所,上海200241

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期33-41,共9页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)

摘　　要：《庄子·应帝王》中壶子对季咸的四次示相深深震撼了列子,使得他从得道之文而未尽道之实因而以道与世相亢,走向了个体人格的饱满状态。这一个体人格具有两方面的特征:一方面,消解个我知解,以浑沌与秩序、文与实的平衡统一,超越世间性意识在人、事、物之间造成的分别,在超越凡俗的同时又融入凡俗的日常生活世界,真正克服了“与世相亢”,这是其人格的“外化”,即在世间彻底融化了与世俗相对待的自我;另一方面,回归性命之本真,尽管外在世界纷繁复杂,但始终保持天真不散,雕琢的工夫是保持其天真的质朴,这是其人格的“内不化”。“外化而内不化”的个体人格能够“游于世而不僻,顺人而不失己”。当然,列子的人格与壶子的人格具有显著的不同,后者象征了政治性的明王,它关联着天下人的各得其得,而列子则是个体人格的自得与饱满的象征。The four appearances of Huzi before Ji Xian in Zhuangzi·Yingdiwang deeply shocked Liezi.This incident transformed him from grasping the surface of Dao to grasping the root of Dao,from using Dao to confront the secular world towards the perfection of the individual's personality.This individual personality is characterized by two aspects.First,it dissolves self-attachment,achieves a balance between chaos and order,surface and nature,and transcends the distinction among people,things and objects created by worldly consciousness to achieve integration,this is his personality"externalization".That is the complete loss of the self in the world as opposed to the worldly self.Second,returning to the true nature of life,despite the complexity of the outside world,he has always remained naive,and the practice of carving is to return to innocence and simplicity,which is the"non-internalization"of his personality.The individual personality that is"externalized but not internalized"can"travel in the world without being withdrawn,and to obey others without losing oneself".Apparently,the personality of Liezi differs markedly from that of Huzi,who symbolizes a politically democratic king,who is associated with the attainment of each of the world's people,while Liezi is a symbol of the self-gratification and fullness of the individual personality.

关 键 词：庄子 应帝王 列子 人格 壶子 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]