教育领域资本监管与发展的辩证分析——基于马克思主义政治经济学的思考  

A Dialectical Analysis of Capital Supervision and Development in the Field of Education——A Perspective Based on Marxist Political Economy

作　　者：张浩[1] Zhang Hao(Research Center for Vocational and Continuing Education,China National Academy of Educational Sciences,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国教育科学研究院职业教育与继续教育研究所,北京100088

出　　处：《教育研究》2023年第2期140-149,共10页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2019年度教育学一般课题“社会承担教育责任的机制研究”(编号:BGA190049)的研究成果。

摘　　要：资本是社会主义市场经济的重要生产要素。随着教育事业的蓬勃发展,资本在分享红利,助力教育的同时,运营中也出现过度扩张,破坏教育生态的现象。2021年以来,资本在教育领域受到严格监管。借助马克思主义政治经济学及其时代化中国化的成果,以历史思维、辩证思维、系统思维分析政策行为,可以更好地理解监管内因。资本的自然属性反映了其增殖特征,社会属性则说明其带有特定社会关系的特征。教育兼有经济属性与政治属性,但不同类型、不同阶段的教育的经济属性与政治属性强弱有所差异。从基本属性出发可以更好地认清两者的内在关系。适度发挥资本的自然属性有助于促进教育经济属性的提升,资本社会属性方向正确有助于保障教育政治属性的实现,监管正是对两者关系的调适。未来一个阶段,资本需要理性认识教育事业,动态看待政策与投资的关系,摒弃金融化幻想,遵守教育“基本公共服务”约束,尊重教育科学规律,在非基本公共教育服务领域寻找符合国家政策法规要求的发展方向,在更好地满足人民群众教育需求和促进国家经济社会进步中健康发展。Capital is an important factor of production in the socialist market economy. With the vigorous development of education,capital helps to share dividends and promote education,but it excessively expands in operation,and destroys the education ecology. Since 2021,capital has been strictly supervised in the field of education. It helps us have a better understanding of the internal cause of capital supervision to use the achievements of Marxist political economy and its modernization and Sinicization,and analyze policy-based action through historical,dialectical and systematic thinking. The natural attributes of capital reflect its value-add,while its social attributes indicate that it is characterized by specific social relations. Education has both economic and political attributes,but the economic and political attributes vary in different types and stages of education. Based on its basic attributes,we can have a clearer understanding of the intrinsic relationship between the two. Giving proper play to the natural attributes of capital will help to improve the economic attributes of education;the social attributes of capital in the correct direction help to ensure the political attributes of education;supervision is simply the adjustment of the relationship between the two. In the application of capital in the future,we need to have a rational understanding of education,have a dynamic view of the relationship between policy and investment,abandon the illusion of financialization,obey the constraints from education in the "basic public services," respect the scientific laws of education,and seek the developmental direction(outside the basic public education services)that meets the needs for national policies and regulations,and promote the healthy development of capital in better meeting the educational needs of the people and promoting China’s economic and social progress.

关 键 词：资本监管 教育领域 经济属性 政治属性 基本公共教育服务 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]