高校毕业生的灵活就业选择倾向——基于人力资本匹配和职业心理需求视角的发现  

The Phenomenon of College Graduates’ Flexible Employment:Viewing from a Human Capital Matching Perspective

作　　者：冯喜良[1] 邱玥 Feng Xiliang;Qiu Yue

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2022年第6期70-84,127,共16页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“人工智能对劳动力市场的冲击及劳动者知识技能转换应对研究”(编号:19AGL025);首都经济贸易大学学术新人项目“数字经济下的劳动争议预警及协调机制研究”(编号:2022XSXR11)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文章以2021年高校毕业生为研究对象,通过问卷调查的方式获取数据,对人力资本匹配与高校毕业生灵活就业选择倾向的关系进行实证分析。研究发现:(1)人力资本匹配程度较高时,高校毕业生主动选择灵活就业的可能性更大,并且在同等条件下,技能匹配程度比专业匹配程度对高校毕业生主动选择灵活就业的促进作用更强;(2)人力资本匹配程度可以通过提升高校毕业生自主性需求、胜任需求和职业发展需求等职业心理需求,间接影响高校毕业生的灵活就业选择倾向;(3)由于专业类型、高校类型、技能类型的不同,人力资本匹配程度对高校毕业生灵活就业选择倾向的影响具有异质性。文章从心理机制层面拓展高校毕业生灵活就业选择的作用机制,为高校提升人力资本培养效率、推动毕业生就业选择与职业心理需求的契合、促进企业用工模式和用工效率转型提供了一定的理论参考。Along with the rapid digital transformation, new flexible employments are emerging, and an increasing number of college graduates choose flexible employments nowadays. Yet it is unclear whether this is related to the changes in human capital formed through college education. Using data collected through a questionnaire survey on the college graduates in 2021, we examine the relationship between human capital matching and the nature(initiative or passivity) of college graduates’ flexible employment choice. The results show that:(1) the enhancement of human capital matching significantly improves the possibility of college graduates actively choosing flexible employment.Under the same conditions, the promotion effect of skill matching is stronger than that of major matching for college graduates to choose actively flexible employment;(2) human capital matching can indirectly affect the tendency of college graduates choosing flexible employment by improving their demand for autonomy, competence and career development;(3) the impact of human capital matching on college graduates’ flexible employment choice shows great heterogeneities among various types of major, college and skill. This study enriches the existing literature on the effect of human capital matching on college graduates’ employment, and provides a psychological viewpoint on the related mechanisms. The results can throw light on improving efficiency of college education and labor transformations.

关 键 词：高校毕业生 人力资本匹配 职业心理需求 灵活就业 就业选择倾向 

分 类 号：G647.38[文化科学—高等教育学] F249.2[文化科学—教育学]