明代哲学源流与中国哲学史  

The Source and Development of Ming Philosophy and the History of Chinese Philosophy

作　　者：张昭炜[1] ZHANG Zhao-wei(The Center of Traditional Chinese Cultural Studies,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,Chin)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国传统文化研究中心,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《贵阳学院学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期17-27,共11页Journal of Guiyang University:Social Sciences

摘　　要：明代哲学源流包含三部分内容,分别是明代哲学之源、明代哲学、明代哲学之流。宋代哲学是明代哲学的直接思想来源,宋代奠定了理学的范式与基本议题。宋代哲学总体表现为客体性;客体性趋势发展至极,造就了明代哲学对客体性的反动,明代哲学总体表现为主体性。明代哲学的主体性趋势发展至极,迎来了客体性的再度崛起,以及对于宋明理学的批判,由此形成明代哲学之流,也就是明末清初及其后的哲学。明代哲学的整体研究有七个主要问题,均围绕正、反、合的三一模式展开。当前明代哲学主要遵循个案研究范式,并表现出与问题研究结合的趋势。明代哲学的断代研究离不开中国哲学史的大背景,在《明代哲学史》出版之前,明代哲学研究主要依赖中国哲学史研究来推进:冯友兰注重客体性,因此明代哲学在中国哲学史中占比较轻;劳思光注重主体性,因此明代哲学在中国哲学史中占比较重。在《明代哲学史》出版之后,明代哲学研究则带动中国哲学史研究。新的明代哲学史研究与书写有四个重要的展开方向:从断代研究到源流综合研究;重点人物与边缘人物综合研究;从理学研究为中心到百家争鸣研究;从单一范式到多元范式的儒学研究。The source and development of philosophy in Ming Dynasty contains three parts, namely, the source of Ming philosophy, Ming philosophy itself, and the development of Ming philosophy. As its direct intellectual source, philosophy in Song Dynasty has laid down the paradigm and basic topics of Neo-Confucianism for it. The general feature of Song philosophy is objectivity, whose excessive development leads to a reverse in the philosophy of Ming Dynasty. Thus, the general feature of Ming philosophy becomes subjectivity. Similarly, excessive development of subjectivity in Ming Dynasty leads to the return of objectivity and the critique of Neo-Confucianism, based on which is the later development after Ming, that is, the philosophy of late Ming and early Qing dynasties and thereafter. The overall study of Ming philosophy involves seven main issues, all in the mode of positive analysis, negative analysis, and their combination. Current study of Ming philosophy mainly focuses on case study with a tendency to answer questions. The specific study of Ming philosophy cannot be separated from the general background of the history of Chinese philosophy. Before the publication of The History of Ming Philosophy, the study of Ming philosophy was mostly influenced by the study of the history of Chinese philosophy. Feng Youlan is interested in objectivity, so he has not devoted much to the study of Ming philosophy in his "History of Chinese Philosophy." On the contrary, Lao Siguang is interested in subjectivity, so Ming philosophy has taken a heavier part in his "History of Chinese Philosophy." Since the publication of The History of Ming Philosophy, the study of Ming philosophy has led the study of the history of Chinese philosophy forward. This paper proposes that there are four important perspectives for a new study and the writing of a book of the history of Ming philosophy: from the specific study to the comprehensive study of its source and development;a comprehensive study of key figures and marginal figures;from the study of

关 键 词：中国哲学史 《明代哲学史》 阳明学 墨学 理学与反理学 

分 类 号：B248[哲学宗教—中国哲学]