美国职业教育与经济发展互促共进的经验述论  

Experience and Reference of Mutual Promotion between Vocational Education and Economic Development in America

作　　者：宋歌[1] Song Ge

机构地区：[1]无锡商业职业技术学院信息化建设与管理处,江苏无锡214153

出　　处：《职教发展研究》2023年第1期11-18,共8页Vocational Education Development and Research

基　　金：2018年度江苏省高校哲学社会科学基金项目“基于高职学生全面发展的‘四有’好教师培养路径研究”(项目编号:2018SJA0840)。

摘　　要：美国职业教育与经济发展互促共进经历了重点放在发展高等职业教育的创建阶段、开启重视发展中等职业教育的加快阶段、弱势群体均等接受职业教育的完善阶段、以质量为根本保障的职业教育成熟阶段,呈现出了政府始终主导着不同层次的职业教育发展、职业教育与劳动力市场需求之间高度契合、法律体系确保了美国职业教育的成功开展、实现了职业教育与普通教育间的协调统一、非常重视职业教育开展过程中的产教融合等特点,但也存在联邦政府对职业教育的拨款占比大幅降低、工作技能满足不了制造业更高的技能需要、基础课程与职业技能课程之间仍有待融合等不足。我国在借鉴美国职业教育与经济发展互促共进的经验时,应当建立健全完备的职业教育法律制度体系、确保职业教育人才能够满足企业的需要、注重职业教育与普通教育的有效融通和全面有效地加大职业教育产教融合力度。The mutual promotion of vocational education and economic development in American has experienced the establishment stage of focusing on the development of higher vocational education, the acceleration stage of attaching importance to the development of secondary vocational education, the improvement stage of equal access to vocational education for vulnerable groups, and the mature stage of vocational education with quality as the fundamental guarantee. It shows that the government has always led the development of vocational education at different levels, there is a high fit between vocational education and the needs of the labor market, the legal system ensures the successful development of vocational education, vocational education and general education have achieved coordination and unity, and the integration of industry and education has been paid attention to. However, there are also shortcomings, such as a significant reduction in educational fund of federal government for vocational education, lack of job skills to meet the higher skill needs of manufacturing, and Inadequate integration between basic courses and vocational skills courses. When learning from the experience of mutual promotion between vocational education and economic development in the United States, China should establish a complete legal system of vocational education, ensure that vocational education talents can meet the needs of enterprises, pay attention to the effective integration between vocational education and general education, and comprehensively and effectively increase the integration of industry and education.

关 键 词：美国 职业教育 经济发展 互促共进 经验借鉴 

分 类 号：G719.1[文化科学—职业技术教育学]