民族地区个人申办非遗传习所法治化管理的制度探索  

Exploration on the Legal Management System of Intangible Cultural Heritage Institute Declared and Established by Individuals in Ethnic Area

作　　者：张艳华[1] ZHANG Yan-hua(Law Schol,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming,Yunnan 650504,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学法学院,云南昆明650504

出　　处：《贵州民族研究》2023年第1期91-97,共7页Guizhou Ethnic Studies

基　　金：2020年国家社科基金重点项目“国家制度和治理体系的地方实践经验研究”(项目编号:20AZD002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：少数民族非遗的传承工作任重道远,非遗传习所能够给代表性传承人提供固定的传承场所,为社会各界了解、体验、学习非遗搭建了免费开放的平台,建好传习所、用好传习所,对少数民族的非遗传承事业至关重要。在少数民族地区,非遗传习所多为个人申报创办,且往往依托代表性传承人的住宅、作坊或商铺设立,导致传习所存在公益性、开放性、阵地性不够的问题。《非物质文化遗产法》已实施十多年,非遗传习所也已基本建设完成,但从各地关于传习所的地方立法来看,认定的规范较多也较具体,而管理的规范却较少也较模糊,且往往将代表性传承人的义务规定为传习所的义务。为了使民族地区个人申办的非遗传习所充分发挥其展示和传承非遗项目的两大功能,必须要解决实际中存在的“进入困难”“公益与商业混淆”“传承人不在传习所”等问题,对此,提出了与立法有关的几点建议,以期非遗传习所的管理能够切实纳入法治化轨道,为少数民族非遗的传承发挥应有的重要作用。The inheritance of intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities has a long way to go. The Intangible cultural heritage institute can provide a fixed inheritance place for representative inheritors, build a free and open platform for all sectors of society to understand, experience and learn intangible cultural heritage, and build and use the institute well is very important to the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities. In ethnic minority areas, intangible cultural heritage institute are mostly declared and established by individuals, and often rely on the houses, workshops or shops of representative inheritors, resulting in insufficient commonweal, openness and positionality. The Intangible Cultural Heritage Law has been implemented for more than ten years, and the basic construction of the Institute has been completed.However, from the local legislation on the Institute, there are more and specific norms of "identification" and less and vague norms of "management", And the obligations of the representative inheritors are often stipulated as the obligations of the institute. In order to give the institute applied by individuals in ethnic areas full play to the two functions of displaying and inheriting intangible cultural heritage projects, it is necessary to solve the problems in practice, such as "entry difficulties", "confusion between commonweal and business" and "inheritors are not in institute". In this regard, the author puts forward some legislative suggestions, so that the management of institutes can be effectively brought Into the track of legalization, and it plays an important role in the inheritance of minority intangible cultural heritage.

关 键 词：民族地区 非遗传习所 开放性 公益性 阵地性 

分 类 号：D633[政治法律—政治学]