区分民事案件繁简的标准与方法——繁简分流基础性问题研究  

On the Criteria and Methods for Distinguishing Complicated from Simple Civil Cases:A Study on Basic Issues of Separation between Complicate and Simple Cases

作　　者：李浩[1,2,3] Li Hao

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院 [2]南京师范大学中国法治现代化研究院 [3]江苏高校区域法治发展协同创新中心

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（诉讼法学、司法制度）》2022年第12期49-67,共19页

摘　　要：对民事诉讼案件实行繁简分流是深化我国诉讼制度改革的重要内容之一。用何种标准区分繁案与简案以及采用何种方法对繁案与简案进行识别、筛选,是进行繁简分流的基础性工作。受理民事案件后由法院区分案件繁简在很大程度上是一个中国式问题。区分案件繁简的标准有形式性标准和实质性标准之分,我国采用的是实质性标准。2012年《民事诉讼法》第133条要求法院通过审前准备程序区分案件的繁与简,并在此基础上作出适用不同程序的决定,但司法实务采用的做法是在起诉与受理阶段就对案件的繁简进行区分。在起诉与受理阶段进行区分与实质性标准并不匹配,由此造成了难以准确区分的困境。繁简分流改革试点推行及2021年《民事诉讼法》修改后,我国法院继续实行在上述阶段对案件进行分流,因而在分流过程中须认真对待法院依职权转换程序的权力,须充分保障当事人对程序适用的异议权,以充分发挥二次分流的矫正作用。The separation betwen complicated cases and simple ones is one of the important elements to deepen the reform of China's civil litigation system.It is a basic work to find out the criteria and methods to identify and screen complicated and simple civil cases.It is largely a Chinese problem for courts to distinguish complicated civil cases from simple civil cases after accepting the cases.There are formal and substantive criteria for distinguishing complicated cases from simple cases and the latter are adopted in China.In accordance with Article 133 of the Civil Procedure Law(2012 Amendment),courts are required to distinguish complicated and simple cases through the pretrial procedure,and consequently determine the applicable procedures concerning civil cases.However,in judicial practice,complicated cases and simple cases are distinguished at the stage of prosecution and acceptance which does not match substantive criteria,thus leading to a difficulty of accurate distinction.After the pilot program of the reform of separation between complicated and simple cases and the revision of the Civil Procedure Law in 2021,Chinese courts continue to divide cases in the above stages.Therefore,in the process of separation,the power of courts to convert procedures ex officio must be taken seriously and the right of litigants to object the applicable procedures must be fully protected so that the correction role of the secondary separation can be fully played.

关 键 词：民事案件 繁简分流 区分标准 识别方法 

分 类 号：D925.1[政治法律—诉讼法学]