1989—2018年中国15个省(自治区、直辖市)18~35岁成年人部分矿物质摄入现状及其变化趋势  

Situation and trends in dietary minerals intakes of adults aged 18-35 years in 15 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)of China in 1989-2018

作　　者：李惟怡 王柳森 王邵顺子 郝丽鑫 张兵 王惠君 王志宏 姜红如 Li Weiyi;Wang Liusen;Wang Shaoshunzi;Hao Lixin;Zhang Bing;Wang Huijun;Wang Zhihong;Jiang Hongru(National Institute for Nutrition and Health,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050

出　　处：《卫生研究》2023年第1期20-26,共7页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2020YFC2006300,2020YF2006303);国家财政项目[中国居民营养状况变迁的队列研究(No.13103110700015005)];国际合作项目[中国健康与营养调查项目(No.R01-HD30880,DK056350,R01-HD38700)]。

摘　　要：目的分析中国15个省(自治区、直辖市)18~35岁成年人1989—2018年部分矿物质摄入量,了解其变化趋势。方法利用开放性纵向追踪队列研究“中国健康与营养调查(1989—2018年)”11轮的随访调查数据,选取18~35岁成年人为研究对象。个人连续3天24小时膳食回顾法结合家庭称重记账法进行膳食调查,计算钙、磷、钾、钠、镁、铁、锌、硒、铜和锰10种矿物质的膳食摄入量,利用非参数统计方法分析摄入量随年份的变化趋势。将膳食矿物质摄入量与平均需要量进行比较,膳食矿物质摄入不足风险的人群比例的变化趋势利用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验分析。针对2018年不同人口特征分析膳食摄矿物质的摄入状况。结果2018年青年人膳食矿物质的摄入量中位数分别为钙302.96 mg/d、磷887.91 mg/d、钾1451.69 mg/d、钠3760.09 mg/d、镁238.50 mg/d、铁19.40 mg/d、锌9.91 mg/d、硒43.54μg/d、铜1.41 mg/d和锰4.59 mg/d,并且不同性别间摄入量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。城市地区钙、钾、硒膳食摄入量显著高于农村地区(Z值分别为3.00、2.04、3.10,P<0.05),钙、磷、镁、钾、硒和铜的膳食摄入量在不同地区、教育水平和收入水平间的分布差异有统计学意义。1989—2018年中国15个省(自治区、直辖市)18~35岁成年人,钙、磷、钾、钠、镁、铁、锌、铜和锰的膳食摄入量呈下降趋势,只有硒的摄入量呈上升趋势,男性摄入量中位数均高于女性。膳食磷、镁、铁、锌和铜存在摄入不足风险的人群比例呈现逐年上升趋势。各调查年份,存在钙摄入量不足风险的人群比例均超过90%。结论1989—2018年间中国15个省(自治区、直辖市)18~35岁成年人存在矿物质摄入不足风险,钙摄入量不足问题严峻。OBJECTIVE To analyze the current situation and long term trends in minerals intakes from 1989 to 2018 in adults aged 18 to 35 years in 15 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)of China.METHODS Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1989 to 2018.Adults aged 18 to 35 were selected as study subjects.According to the dietary survey result of 3-day 24-hour dietary review method and weighing accounting method,the mineral intake was calculated and analyzed.Nonparametric statistical method was used to analyze the trend of dietary minerals intake with years.Comparing the dietary minerals intake with the dietary reference intakes,the trend of the proportion of people at risk of insufficient dietary minerals intake was analyzed by Cochran-Armitage trend test.According to the different demographic characteristics in 2018,the minerals intake status and the proportion of people with insufficient dietary minerals intake were analyzed.RESULTS In 2018,the median intakes of dietary minerals of adults were 302.96 mg/d of calcium,887.91 mg/d of phosphorus,1451.69 mg/d of potassium,3760.09 mg/d of sodium,238.50 mg/d of magnesium,19.40 mg/d of iron,9.91 mg/d of zinc,43.54μg/d of selenium,1.41 mg/d of copper and 4.59 mg/d of manganese,respectively,with significant gender differences(P<0.05).The intakes of dietary calcium,phosphorus,magnesium,potassium,selenium and copper in urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas(Z values were 3.00,2.04 and 3.10,respectively,P<0.05).The dietary intakes of calcium,phosphorus,magnesium,potassium,selenium and copper showed significant differences among regions,education levels and income levels.From 1989 to 2018,the dietary mineral intake of calcium,phosphorus,potassium,sodium,magnesium,iron,zinc,copper and manganese of adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities)of China showed a downward trend,only selenium intake showed an upward trend,and the intake of men was higher than that of women.The proportion of people at risk of i

关 键 词：成年人 营养调查 矿物质 膳食摄入量 推荐量对比 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R153.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]