钢轨焊接接头不平顺演变条件下的轮轨接触分析  

Wheel-rail Contact Analysis under the Evolution of Rail Joint’s Geometry Irregularity

作　　者：陈嵘[1,2] 孙耀亮 安博洋[1,2] 王平[1,2] 阚前华[3] CHEN Rong;SUN Yaoliang;AN Boyang;WANG Ping;KAN Qianhua(MOE Key Laboratory of High-speed Railway Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;School of Mechanics and Aerospace,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学高速铁路线路工程教育部重点实验室,成都610031 [2]西南交通大学土木工程学院,成都610031 [3]西南交通大学力学与航空航天学院,成都610031

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2023年第2期37-42,共6页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52108418,U1934214);中央高校基本科研业务费理工科科技创新项目(2682021CX016);中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司科研项目(R110120H01293)。

摘　　要：钢轨焊接接头处容易出现短波几何不平顺,严重制约着钢轨的服役寿命并影响行车安全。为研究钢轨焊接接头几何不平顺演变对轮轨接触行为的影响,首先,基于有限元方法建立三维轮轨滚动接触模型,分析我国某线路实测钢轨焊接接头几何不平顺处的轮轨动态响应;随后,建立局部钢轨有限元模型,通过引入钢轨材料的循环本构模型,研究循环荷载作用下钢轨接头处的应力-应变响应。研究表明:(1)随着钢轨焊接接头几何不平顺的演变,轮轨接触力和接触应力逐渐增大,其变化率也随之提高;(2)考虑列车牵引工况时,在轮轨切向力的作用下,钢轨焊接接头处的材料响应在其几何不平顺演变过程中均处于棘轮效应状态,尤其是几何不平顺演变中后期,循环积累的应变显著增加,累积应变变化率由之前的22.4%增长到53.2%,即加快了钢轨的劣化;(3)若不考虑列车牵引或制动操作时的作用力,材料响应则为塑性安定。Short-wave geometric irregularities frequently occur at the rail welded joint(RWJ), which seriously reduces the rail service life and affects the train’s safety. To study the influence of the evolution of the geometric irregularities of the RWJ on the wheel-rail contact behavior, a three-dimensional wheel-rail rolling contact model is established based on the finite element method, and the wheel-rail dynamic response to the measured RWJ irregularities is analyzed. Then, a local rail finite element model is developed, and the stress-strain response of the RWJ under cyclic loading is investigated through the cyclic constitutive model of the rail material. The conclusions are as follows:(1) With the evolution of the geometrical irregularities of the RWJ, the wheel-rail contact force and contact stress gradually increase, and so does the change rate;(2) When considering the traction condition, the material response at the RWJ is in the state of ratchet effect during the evolution of its geometric irregularities, especially in the middle and late stages of the evolution of the geometric irregularities. The cyclically accumulated strain increases significantly from the previous 22.4% to 53.2%, which quickly deteriorates the rail;(3) If the traction or braking force is not considered, the material response is plastically stable.

关 键 词：钢轨焊接接头 几何不平顺 轮轨接触 有限元方法 棘轮效应 

分 类 号：U213.4[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U211.5