博物学,作为面向生态文明的基础教育之核心  

Natural History,As the Core of Basic Education Oriented to Ecological Civilization

作　　者：田松 TIAN Song(The Center for the Humanities,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]南方科技大学人文科学中心,深圳518055

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2023年第1期11-16,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“西方博物学文化与公众生态意识关系研究”(13&ZD067);南方科技大学高等教育研究中心“南科大研究”面上项目“南科大人文社科通识课程体系设计”(SUSTECH2021C010);南方科技大学未来教育研究中心重点课题“生态文明背景下中小学STSE教育研究”(FE022Z008)。

摘　　要：作为现代社会的建制,基础教育的重要目标是培养合格的社会人,其设置取决于当下社会的需要和对未来社会目标的设定。基础教育决定了国民的“三个基本”——基本的知识体系、基本的思维方式和基本的价值观。工业文明的教育体系意在培养工业社会中合格的社会人。工业文明是建立在数理科学及其技术体系之上的,故数理科学是其基本知识体系的核心部分。数理科学与机械自然观是相互建构的。故机械自然观既是其基本思维方式,也是其基本价值观。生态文明是与工业文明迥异的一种文明形态,需要其国民具有与生态文明相适应的“三个基本”,故需对当下基础教育加以调整。加强博物学是一个可操作的方案。博物学可以作为基本知识体系的重要乃至核心部分,从博物学中,也能产生与生态文明相适应的基本思维方式和基本价值观。As an institution of modern society, one of the goals of basic education is to cultivate qualified citizens in society. Therefore, the setting of basic education depends on the needs of society and the setting of social goals. Basic education and social institution are mutually constructive. Basic education determines the “three basics” of the people-the basic knowledge system, the basic way of thinking and the basic values. In an industrial society, its education system is intended to produce qualified citizens in an industrial society. Industrial civilization is based on mathematical science and its technological system, so its basic education attaches importance to mathematical science. Mathematical science is the core part of its basic knowledge system, and it is also the basis of basic ways of thinking and basic values. Mathematical science and mechanical views of nature are mutually constructive. Therefore, the mechanical view of nature is both its basic way of thinking and its basic value. Ecological civilization is a form of civilization that is completely different from industrial civilization, and the construction of ecological civilization requires its citizens to generally have the “three basics” that are compatible with ecological civilization, so basic education needs to be adjusted. Strengthening natural history is an operational way. The basic knowledge system about the external world emphasizes the component of natural history, and even takes natural history as the core. From natural history, it can produce basic ways of thinking and basic values that are compatible with ecological civilization.

关 键 词：博物学 基础教育的“三个基本” 面向生态文明的教育 缺省配置 科学教育 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]