基于盖革APD阵列脉冲式三维成像激光雷达系统  

Pulsed Three-Dimensional Imaging Lidar System Based on Geiger-Mode APD Array

作　　者：陈勇强 贺岩[1] 罗远[1] 周亮[4] 常鑫[4] 刘芳华 焦崇淼 郭守川 黄宜帆 陈卫标[1] Chen Yongqiang;He Yan;Luo Yuan;Zhou Liang;Chang Xin;Liu Fanghua;Jiao Chongmiao;Guo Shouchuan;Huang Yifan;Chen Weibiao(Key Laboratory of Space Laser Communication and Detection Technology,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Physical Science and Technology,ShanghaiTech University,Shanghai 201210,China;China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation,Qingdao 266107,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所空间激光传输与探测技术重点实验室,上海201800 [2]中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心,北京100049 [3]上海科技大学物质科学与技术学院,上海201210 [4]中国电波传播研究所,山东青岛266107

出　　处：《中国激光》2023年第2期91-100,共10页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41876105,42106180)。

摘　　要：提出了一种基于国内自研InGaAs 64×64盖革模式雪崩光电二极管(APD)阵列的小型化成像激光雷达系统,系统采用阵列探测器结合一维同轴扫描的方式实现车载移动平台快速地形三维成像。详细介绍了该系统的理论仿真模型、系统组成、工作原理和实验结果。静态测量时,对距离100 m处的平面目标扫描成像,其平面测量精度为0.12 m。动态测量时,将系统搭载于运动速度为60 km/h的车载平台对目标区域进行三维成像,成功获得了测量区域内目标三维点云,测绘效率约为36 km^(2)/h,平均测量点密度为13454点/m^(2)。实验结果表明国产盖革模式APD阵列激光雷达系统可实现动平台高分辨率三维成像,为高速运动车载平台实现高分辨率地形测绘提供新的技术手段。Objective Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode(Gm-APD) arrays have single-photon sensitivity and each pixel can detect the echo photons independently.Lidar systems based on Gm-APD arrays have many advantages,including high imaging resolution,fast imaging rate and possibilities of using lower power laser as the transmitter hence reducing the overall system size,weight,and power(SWaP).These advantages make the Gm-APD array lidar system very suitable for applications in the fields of mobile platform terrain mapping,which have a strict restriction on the total SWaP of the payloads and require a fast imaging rate.In this study,we propose a miniaturized imaging lidar system based on a domestically developed InGaAs 64×64 Gm-APD array.This system uses a large-pixelformat detector array combined with a coaxial scanning mechanism to achieve fast terrain three-dimensional(3D) imaging on vehiclemounted mobile platforms.Methods The system is composed of fiber laser module,detector array module,transceiver module,scanning module and system control module.The 1545 nm laser source can operate at a repetition rate of 25 kHz with a maximum pulse energy of 32μJ,and the laser pulse width is 4 ns.In order to get a uniform illumination on the targets,the transmitting optics collimate and homogenize the laser pulses,so that the divergence angle of the emitted laser pulses is 8 mrad.The receiving optics collect the echo photons,and a1-nm-bandwidth filter with a center wavelength of 1545 nm is used to reduce the solar background noise.The InGaAs 64×64 GmAPD array with a detector efficiency of 20%at 1545 nm is adopted to detect the echo photons.Using a 64×64 detector array and a fast scanning unit,and with the help of a moving sensor platform,the system can achieve large-scale terrain mapping.A noise filtering method based on time-domain distribution characteristics of signal and noise is used to remove the noise points in the real-time data.Both static experiments and dynamic imaging experiments were conducted to verify the performance o

关 键 词：成像系统 激光雷达 三维成像 光子计数 雪崩光电二极管 探测器阵列 

分 类 号：TN958.98[电子电信—信号与信息处理]