高温超导磁悬浮列车气动噪声特征仿真研究  

Simulation Study on Aerodynamic Noise Characteristics of High-Temperature Superconducting Maglev Train

作　　者：杨志刚[1,2,3] 杨成[1,2,3] 高建勇 吕镇东[1,2,3] 刘翰林 YANG Zhigang;YANG Cheng;GAO Jianyong;LÜZhendong;LIU Hanin(School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410075,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410075,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Central South University,Changsha Hunan 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学轨道交通安全关键技术国际合作联合实验室,湖南长沙410075 [3]中南大学轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2023年第2期92-101,共10页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2020YFA0710903);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(P2019J008);中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司技术服务项目(9600009576)。

摘　　要：气动噪声是高温超导磁悬浮列车噪声的主要来源,以新型高温超导磁悬浮列车1∶8缩比的8车模型为研究对象,基于大涡模拟(LES)方法和K-FWH方程,通过建立可穿透积分面对列车在500,550,600及650 km·h-1 4个速度级下的气动噪声特征进行数值仿真研究。结果表明:在U型轨道的约束下,列车周围的气动激扰主要集中在车顶两侧、尾车流线型及尾流区;偶极子声源主要分布在中车车顶表面两侧、尾车流线型及超导线圈后方,尾流区也是重要的气动噪声源区;列车辐射噪声频谱呈现“宽峰”(100~315 Hz)特性,随着车速提升,低频噪声能量增强;4个速度级下测点辐射噪声水平变化规律一致,噪声最大值分别为94.2,96.4,100.1和105.2 dB(A);随着车速提升,四极子声源能量占比不断增大,当车速大于600 km·h-1时,16个测点的四极子声源平均能量占比超过90%。研究成果可为高温超导磁悬浮列车气动声学优化设计提供参考。Aerodynamic noise is the main source of noise of high-temperature superconducting maglev trains.Taking the 8-car model with 1∶8 scaling of the new high-temperature superconducting maglev train as the research object,numerical simulations of the aerodynamic noise characteristics of the train under 4 speed levels,namely 500,550,600 and 650 km∙h−1,are conducted by establishing a penetrable integral surface based on the large eddy simulation(LES)method and the K-FWH equation.The results show that under the constraint of U-shaped track,the aerodynamic excitations around the train are mainly concentrated on both sides of the train roof,the tail train streamline and the wake area.The dipole sources are mainly distributed on both sides of the roof surface of the middle train,the tail train streamline and behind the superconducting coil;and the wake area is also a key source area of aerodynamic noise.The radiated noise spectrum of the train shows the characteristic of the“broad peak”(100 Hz-315 Hz).The low-frequency noise energy increases as the train speed increases.The variation laws of radiation noise level at the measured points are consistent under the 4 speed levels,and the maximum noise values are 94.2,96.4,100.1 and 105.2 dB(A),respectively.As the train speed increases,the energy share of the quadrupole source increases continuously,and the average energy share of the quadrupole sources at the 16 measurement points exceeds 90%when the train speed is greater than 600 km∙h−1.The research results can provide a reference for the aeroacoustics optimization design for high-temperature superconducting maglev trains.

关 键 词：大涡模拟 可穿透积分面 高温超导磁悬浮列车 气动噪声 

分 类 号：U292.917[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]