美国1853—2010年学校供餐计划的历史考察  

School Feeding Programs in the United States during 1853-2010

作　　者：马金霞[1] 刘承原 MA Jinxia;LIU Chengyuan(College of History and Culture,Linyi University,Linyi(276000),Shandong Province,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]临沂大学历史文化学院,山东276000 [2]英国曼彻斯特大学社会科学学院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2023年第2期173-175,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：从1853年纽约市儿童援助协会为当地职业技术学校的学生提供免费午餐,至1975年美国学校早餐计划获得国会永久授权,美国学校供餐计划经历了一个从萌芽、起步到成型发展的历史过程。美国公众对该项目的持续关注与监督,营养改革者、家庭经济学家等进步人士的舆论引导是重要的外在推力;联邦政府对法律的及时颁布和与时俱进,高层领导的高度重视是重要的前提保障;项目设计者将其与本国农业发展战略相结合,贯彻整体发展理念,是其保持持久生命力的关键;对儿童身体健康的重视,是美国学校供餐项目由注重儿童饮食数量到关注儿童营养质量的核心原因。The Children’s Aid Society of New York has been providing free food to students at local vocational schools since 1853.It wasn’t until 1975 that the school lunch program was permanently mandated by Congress.The National School Lunch Program in America has gone through a historic process from its inception and establishment to its development.The continued interest and oversight of the American people,public opinion guidance by progressive people like nutrition reformers,home economics and other are external factors in the continued development of this program.The timely enactment of the bill by the federal government and the high concern of senior leaders on this project is an important prerequisite for continued development.Integrating this program into the national agricultural development strategy and realizing the overall development philosophy is the key to the sustainability of this program.Paying attention to children’s physical health is the core reason why American School Feeding Programs focus on children’s diet quantity to children’s nutritional quality.All of these factors contribute to the development of this project.

关 键 词：美国 营养政策 膳食 学生保健服务 

分 类 号：G51[文化科学—教育学] R179[文化科学—教育技术学] G478[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]