恩施市贫困农村中小学生2012—2021年维生素A和维生素D营养状况及与身高的相关性  

Nutritional status on vitamin A,vitamin D and its relation with height among primary and middle school students in poor rural areas of Enshi from 2012 to 2021

作　　者：程茅伟[1] 张杰 彭飞[1] 刘爽[1] CHENG Maowei;ZHANG Jie;PENG Fei;LIU Shuang(Institute for Health Surveil-lance,Hubei Center for Diseases Control and Prevention,Wuhan(430079),China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省疾病预防控制中心卫生监测所,武汉430079 [2]恩施市疾病预防控制中心办公室

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2023年第1期40-42,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：“达能营养中心膳食营养研究与宣教基金”资助项目(DIC2022-08);国家财政项目。

摘　　要：目的了解湖北省贫困农村中小学生体格、维生素A和维生素D营养状况,评估2012—2021年“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”(简称“计划”)的实施效果,为制订学生营养改善措施提供依据。方法在湖北省实施“计划”的重点监测地区恩施市,选取2554名小学和初中生,2012—2021年每年9—10月对学生测量身高,同时采集空腹静脉血检测血清维生素A和维生素D。结果2012—2021年,“计划”地区6~15岁学生身高,血清维生素A、D上升幅度分别为2.7 cm、96.7μg/L和8.6 ng/mL;生长迟滞率下降幅度为1.0%;血清维生素A亚临床缺乏率、临床缺乏率下降幅度分别为37.3%和6.2%;血清维生素D亚临床缺乏率、临床缺乏率下降幅度分别为45.7%和8.5%。身高与血清维生素A呈正相关,与血清维生素D呈负相关(偏相关系数r值分别为0.08,-0.08,P值均<0.01)。结论恩施市“计划”地区的学生体格、维生素A和D营养状况得到改善,但亚临床缺乏仍存在较高比例;血清维生素A与身高呈正相关,维生素D与身高呈负相关。建议持续推进湖北省贫困农村地区学生“计划”工作,加大针对性的学生营养干预工作力度。Objective To investigate the status of physical development,vitamin A and vitamin D among primary and middle school students in poor rural areas in Hubei,to evaluate the implementation effectiveness of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students(abbreviated to the program)from 2012 to 2021.Methods In Enshi City,a pilot monitoring county of the program in Hubei,and a total of 2554 students from one primary school and one junior middle school were randomly selected.During September to October in 2012-2021,height was measured,and fasting venous blood was collected from students,and serum vitamin A and vitamin D were detected.Results From 2012 to 2021,height,serum vitamin A and serum vitamin D concentration increased by 2.7 cm,96.7μg/L and 8.6 ng/mL.Growth retardation rate decreased by 1.0%.The subclinical and clinical deficiency of serum vitamin A decreased by 37.3%and 6.2%.The subclinical and clinical deficiency of serum vitamin D decreased by 45.7%and 8.5%.Height was positively correlated with serum vitamin A status and negatively correlated with serum vitamin D status(r=0.08,-0.08,P<0.01).Conclusion The pilot counties of the program in Enshi,has witnessed improvement in height,serum vitamin A and vitamin D status among primary and secondary students.However,future efforts remains essential as subclinical deficiency of vitamin A and vitamin D are noted in some students.Serum vitamin A is positively associated with height,and vitamin D is negatively associated with height.Considering the correlation between serum vitamin A and vitamin D status with height,continued efforts should be implemented in poor rural areasto strengthen targeted nutrition intervention for students in Hubei.

关 键 词：维生素A 维生素D 营养状况 身高 学生 农村人口 

分 类 号：R151[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R153.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] G478[文化科学—教育学]