元宇宙的意识形态规训批判——一种阿尔都塞式的分析进路  

Criticism of the Ideological Discipline of the Metaverse:An Althusserian Approach to Analysis

作　　者：张彦[1,2] 杨思远 Zhang Yan;Yang Siyuan(School of Marxism,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学马克思主义学院,杭州310058 [2]浙江大学马克思主义理论创新与传播研究中心

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2023年第4期90-99,159,共11页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“马克思主义伦理学:论争与探索”(编号:22FSB003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：元宇宙描绘了打破现实时空之维、接合虚实二元的“超未来”性社会形态,创造出杂糅现实世界、虚拟世界、拟态世界的多维空间。在朝向元宇宙的媒介发展过程中,“身体-主体”隐喻、实践的“虚拟-现实”隐喻、“自由-规范”隐喻等一系列意识形态隐喻不断生成。阿尔都塞意识形态批判考察了社会再生产中诸意识形态“唤问-规训”的实现机制,将其方法论范式导入元宇宙的分析视野中可以发现,元宇宙逻辑下虚拟空间与拟态仿真成为可能,人的主体性沦为了意识形态唤问中非经验的绝对之思、非实在的指称代词和非自我的他性认同;实践活动堕化为了意识形态的技术欺骗、虚拟生产的异化模式和知识劳工的生产之源;自由成为了虚实重叠的空白假象、自在自为的意识悖论和国家机器新形态的规范自觉。破解元宇宙中意识形态规训困境,媒介发展需以人的全面复归与自由解放为最终目的。The Metaverse depicts a“super-future”social form that breaks the dimension of real time and space and integrates the duality of virtual and real,creating a multi-dimensional space that mixes the real world,the virtual world,and the mimetic world.In the process of media development towards the metaverse,a series of ideological metaphors such as the“body-subject”metaphor,the“virtual-reality”metaphor of practice,and the“freedom-norm”metaphor have been continuously generated.Althusser’s ideological critique examines the realization mechanism of various ideologies in social reproduction,“interpellation-discipline”.Introducing his methodological paradigm into the analytical vision of the metaverse,it can be found that virtual space and mimetic simulation are possible under metaverse logic.And human subjectivity degenerates into non-experiential absolute thinking,non-real referential pronouns,and non-self-identity in ideological interrogation;practical activities degenerate into ideological technological deception,alienated mode of virtual production,and the source of production for intellectual workers;freedom has become a blank illusion of overlapping virtual and reality,a paradox of consciousness in itself,and a normative consciousness of a new state machine.To solve the dilemma of ideological discipline in the metaverse,the development of media must take the comprehensive return and liberation of human beings as the ultimate goal.

关 键 词：媒介化 元宇宙 意识形态规训 阿尔都塞 

分 类 号：B565.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学]