中世纪牛津大学校长职权初探  

A Preliminary Study of the Function and Power of the Chancellor of the Medieval Oxford University

作　　者：徐善伟[1] 高天雨 Xu Shanwei;Gao Tianyu(Department of World History,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai,200234,China;Xiwai International School,Shanghai,201620,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学世界史系,上海200234 [2]上海市西外外国语学校,上海201620

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2023年第2期70-79,158,共11页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“中世纪牛津大学贷款基金资料的搜集、整理与研究”(项目批号:22BSS048)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：现代英国特色的大学校长制源于中世纪的牛津大学。牛津大学校长职位从1214年之后走向制度化,至16世纪中叶,校长一职完全虚化为名义上的大学首脑,副校长则成了大学的实际领导者。中世纪牛津大学采用一种民主管理的形式,其校长亦通过选举而产生,并代表教师大会行使大学内部的行政管理权,处理对外交往事务。牛津大学校长的权力既源于教会和王室所赋予的特权,亦源于教师大会所制定的各项法令。校长由此成为拥有高度自治权的大学的象征和代理人,具有崇高的荣誉和权威性。The modern university chancellor system with British characteristics originated from the medieval Oxford University.The chancellorship of the Oxford University became institutionalized after 1214 while its title was fixed as Cancellarius Oxonie.By the mid-16th century,the chancellor eventually became the titular head of the university,while the Vice Chancellor became the de facto head.The medieval Oxford University adopted a form of democratic management and its chancellor was appointed based on election.The chancellor represented the operational authority of the University dealing with internal and external affairs on behalf of the Assembly.His power derived not only from the privileges granted by the church and the Crown,but also from the decrees issued by the Assembly.The chancellor thus became the symbol and agent of the university with a high degree of autonomy and lofty honor and authority.

关 键 词：校长职权 中世纪牛津大学 教师大会 任课教师 

分 类 号：G649.561[文化科学—高等教育学] K561.3[文化科学—教育学]