西北硫酸盐型盐碱水与低盐度海水养殖凡纳滨对虾营养成分及品质评价  

Analysis and quality evaluation of nutrient components in muscle of Litopenaeus vannamei of two saline-alkali aquaculture and mariculture

作　　者：黄艳青[1] 杨絮 王怡菊 李学英[1] 周凯[1] 孙真 么宗利[1] 陆建学[1] 来琦芳[1] HUANG Yanqing;YANG Xu;WANG Yiju;LI Xueying;ZHOU Kai;SUN Zhen;YAO Zongli;LU Jianxue;LAI Qifang(Key Laboratory of Inland Saline-alkaline Aquaculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;College of Fisheries of Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业农村部低洼盐碱地水产养殖重点实验室,上海200090 [2]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《渔业信息与战略》2023年第1期60-66,共7页Fishery Information & Strategy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD0900400)“内陆盐碱水域绿洲渔业模式示范”;中国水产科学研究院基本业务费项目(2021XT0402)“盐碱水养殖凡纳滨对虾品质评价技术研究”。

摘　　要：盐碱水产品品质一直是人们关注的重点。对盐碱水养殖凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)(Y1,Y2)和海水养殖的凡纳滨对虾(Y3)肌肉营养成分进行分析并进行营养品质评价。每组凡纳滨对虾各取30只,测定其肌肉中常规营养成分、主要矿物元素和氨基酸组成,并对其营养品质进行评价。结果显示Y1,Y2和Y3肌肉中水分、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均无统计学上差异,Y2和Y3的粗蛋白含量均显著高于Y1(P<0.05)。在Y1,Y2和Y3肌肉中均检测到牛磺酸和18种氨基酸,且Y1,Y2和Y3肌肉中各氨基酸含量从高到低的排列顺序均一致,其中含量最多的是谷氨酸(Glu),其次是天冬氨酸(Asp),精氨酸(Arg),赖氨酸(Lys),亮氨酸(Leu)和甘氨酸(Gly)。Y1,Y2和Y3肌肉中总氨基酸含量(TAA)、总必需氨基酸(TEAA)含量和总呈味氨基酸含量(TFAA)较为接近,没有显著差异(P>0.05),YI和Y2肌肉中总呈味氨基酸/总氨基酸(TFAA/TAA)间无显著差异(P>0.05),且均显著高于Y3(P<0.05)。以氨基酸评分(amino acid score,AAS)和化学评分(chemical score,CS)作为评价标准,Y1,Y2和Y3的第一和第二限制性氨基酸均为色氨酸(Trp)和缬氨酸(Val)。Y1,Y2和Y3肌肉中,含量最高的均为钾(K),其次是钠(Na)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg),其中Y3肌肉中Na显著低于Y1和Y2(P<0.05),可作为盐碱水养殖凡纳滨对虾肌肉品质特征之一。Y1,Y2肌肉中锌/铁(Zn/Fe)分别为0.52和0.47,较Y3肌肉中Zn/Fe(1.01)更合理。Flesh quality of fishery product produced in saline-alkali environment has been the focus of the market.The current study investigated nutritional components in muscle of Litopenaeus vannamei of two saline-alkali aquaculture sites(Y1,Y2)and compared with those from mariculture(Y3).Thirty L.vannamei from each group were selected for the analysis of protein,amino acids,lipid,minerals and moisture in muscles of each group.No significant difference was found in moisture,lipid and ash among three treatments(P>0.05)while crude protein in Y3 and Y2 were higher than that in Y1(P>0.05).Taurine and 18 amino acids were detected in the muscles of all treatments.The profile of amino acid in muscles of Y1,Y2 and Y3 were consistent and the amount of each amino acid was similar with Glu being found the highest level,followed by Asp,Arg,Lys,Leu and Gly.The contents of total amino acids(TAA),total essential amino acids(EAA)and total flavoring amino acids(FAA)in the muscle of Y1,Y2 and Y3 were similar among three treatments(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the ratio of FAA/TAA in muscles between YI and Y2(P>0.05),and were significantly higher than that of Y3(P<0.05).Taking AAS and CS as evaluation criteria,the first and second limiting amino acids of Y1,Y2 and Y3 were tryptophan(Trp)and valine(Val).Among muscles of Y1,Y2 and Y3,the highest content was potassium(K),followed by Na,Ca and Mg,and Na content of Y3 was significantly lower than that of Y1 and Y2(P<0.05),which could be used as one of the key features of L.vannamei cultured in saline-alkali environment.The ratios of zinc to iron(Zn/Fe)in Y1,Y2 and Y3 were 0.52,0.47 and 1.01 respectively,indicating that this ratio in the muscle of L.vannamei from Y1 and Y2 were more reasonable than that from Y3.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 营养成分分析 营养品质评价 盐碱水养殖 

分 类 号：S983[农业科学—捕捞与储运]