科学冬训对越野滑雪运动员供能能力的量化提高  

Quantitative Improvement of Energy Supply Capacity of Cross-country Skiers by Scientific Winter Training

作　　者：张冠男 柴建中 陈素峰 徐起麟 ZHANG Guannan;CHAI Jianzhong;CHEN Sufeng;XU Qilin(Sports Science Research Institute of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050031,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省体育科学研究所,河北石家庄050031

出　　处：《冰雪运动》2023年第1期9-14,共6页China Winter Sports

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(21477602D)。

摘　　要：越野滑雪作为一项混合代谢供能的竞速项目,对运动员有氧能力、无氧能力进行研究和评价,有助于为教练员把握运动员能力发展、掌握训练效果、制定训练方案提供参考。以4名河北省越野滑雪男子运动员为研究对象,测试冬训前后有氧能力、无氧能力的指标变化;同步设计出极限强度间歇运动试验,通过刺激运动员产生高血乳酸值来评价运动员的耐酸能力。发现经过科学的冬训,运动员的最大摄氧量和无氧阈摄氧量占比得到明显提升,最大无氧功和平均无氧功也均有提升,耐乳酸能力得到一定改善。提出提高越野滑雪运动员的最大摄氧量利用率和无氧耐力是提高运动成绩的关键,同时以数据作为支撑,实现训练效果的可视化,有助于越野滑雪项目的科学化发展。Cross-country skiing,as a racing event with mixed metabolism and energy supply,the study and evaluation of athletes1 aerobic and anaerobic capacities can help provide reference for coaches to grasp the development of athletes*abilities,master the training effects,and formulate training programs.Four male crosscountry skiers from Hebei Province were selected as the research subjects to test the index changes of aerobic capacity and anaerobic capacity before and after winter training;an extreme intensity interval exercise test was designed simultaneously to evaluate the athletes*acid tolerance capacity by stimulating them to produce high blood lactic value.It was found that through scientific winter training,the athletes'maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold oxygen uptake ratio were significantly improved,and both maximal anaerobic work and average anaerobic work were also improved,and the lactic acid tolerance ability was somewhat improved.It was concluded that improving the maximal oxygen uptake utilization and anaerobic endurance of cross-country skiers is the key to improve the athletic perfbnnance,while visualizing the training effect with the support of data can help the scientific development of cross-country skiing program.

关 键 词：冬季训练 越野滑雪 有氧供能 无氧供能 

分 类 号：G863.13[文化科学—体育训练]