香榧种子生长发育过程中假种皮挥发油的变化  

Changes of Volatile Oil Composition in Aril during the Growth and Development of Torreya grandis‘Merrillii’Seeds

作　　者：郑刘辉 侯宇 张新凤[1] 喻卫武[1] 曾燕如[1] 戴文圣[1] Zheng Liuhui;Hou Yu;Zhang Xinfeng;Yu Weiwu;Zeng Yanru;Dai Wensheng(State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学省部共建亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室,杭州311300

出　　处：《林业科学》2022年第11期127-136,共10页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：浙江省科学技术重点研发计划项目(2016C02052-12)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究香榧假种皮不同制备方式与分析方法对挥发油成分含量测定的影响,揭示香榧种子生长发育过程中假种皮挥发油成分的动态变化规律,为香榧假种皮的利用提供参考。【方法】结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,优化水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)和顶空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)样品制备条件,选择适合的方法测定香榧种子生长发育过程中假种皮挥发性油成分与含量。【结果】1)基于GC-MS的分析结果,从成分种类及含量上来看,SD更适合香榧假种皮挥发油分析样品的制备。2)用SD-GC-MS分析,检测出假种皮挥发油成分有47种,包含萜烯类21种(柠檬烯、α-蒎烯、δ-杜松烯等)、萜醇类15种(芳樟醇、冰片、榄香醇等)、萜烯酯类3种(乙酸冰片酯、乙酸松油酯、乙酸香叶酯)、其他化合物8种(胡椒酮、抗氧剂264、棕榈酸等)。3)种子生长发育过程中,假种皮中的挥发性成分呈一定的变化规律,其中莰烯、β-蒎烯、萜品油烯等含量5—9月均呈上升趋势;部分成分5—8月上升到最大值后开始下降,如α-蒎烯、桧烯、月桂烯等;5—6月和8—9月单萜类和倍半萜类成分呈明显的负相关趋势,而6—7月由于假种皮处于生长时期,单萜类和倍半萜类组分均呈增加趋势。主成分分析发现,假种皮挥发油成分在5月和6月、7月和8月比较相似。【结论】香榧假种皮挥发油SD提取条件为料液比为1∶10、浸泡时间为1 h、提取时间为4 h;通过SD-GC-MS检测出47种化合物,共13483.14μg·g^(-1),主要成分为柠檬烯、α-蒎烯等萜烯类化合物;不同种实生长发育期的香榧假种皮中挥发性组分差异较大,化合物种类从5月份的35种增加到了9月份的47种,倍半萜类和含氧衍生物积累增多,挥发油成分的总含量从5—9月份先升后降;5—6月、7—8月的假种皮挥发油成分组成及含量比较接近,而9月份与其他4个月份差异较大。【Objective】This study aims to explore the influence of different preparation and analysis methods on the determination of volatile oil composition and the contents,and reveal the dynamic changes of the contents in the Torreya grandis‘Merrillii’aril during the seed growth and development,as so to provide the rationale for the utilization of the aril.【Method】Steam distillation(SD)and headspace solid phase microextraction(HS-SPME)techniques were used and optimized for the sample preparation The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to determine the volatile components and the contents in the aril during the growth and development of T.grandis seeds.【Result】1)Based on GC-MS analysis,SD was more suitable for the sample preparation of volatile oil from T.grandis seeds in terms of the component and content.2)The SD-GC-MS analysis showed that there were 47 volatile oil components in the aril,including 21 terpenes(limonene,α-pinene,δ-juniene,etc.),15 terpene alcohols(linalool,borneol,elemol,etc.),three terpene esters(bornyl acetate,pine oil acetate,and geranyl acetate),and eight other compounds(piperone,antioxidant 264,palmitic acid,etc.).3)The volatile components in the aril during seed growth and development showed certain regular changes.Among them the content of camphene,β-pinene,and terpinolene increased from May to September;the content of such ingredients asα-pinene,cypressene,and myrcene gradually rose to the peak value from May to August and then declined.The monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids showed an obvious negative correlation during May to June and from August to September,while the monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids showed an increasing trend from June to July because the aril was growing.PCA suggested that the volatile oil components of aril in May were similar to those in June【Conclusion】The extraction condition for T.grandis‘Merrillii’aril is the ratio of material to liquid set as 1∶10,and soak time as 1 hour,extraction time as 4 hours.Through the SD-GC-MS d

关 键 词：香榧 假种皮 水蒸气蒸馏法 顶空固相微萃取 挥发性成分 气质联用分析法 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]