情感与秩序:以儒家情礼关系为中心的讨论  

Sentiments and Order:A Discussion Centered on Relationship between Sentiments and Rites in Confucian School

作　　者：向维 XIANG Wei

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学院

出　　处：《社会学评论》2023年第2期171-190,共20页Sociological Review of China

基　　金：北京郑杭生社会发展基金会;中国社会学会。

摘　　要：今天的情感社会学乃至整个社会学的大量研究已陷入过度微观化的狭隘格局,而要摆脱这种状况,就应该直面当今社会人类生存的根本处境并重新思考社会理论在古典时代提出的秩序根基这样的问题。儒家思想传统在这方面为我们提供了丰富的思想资源。本文围绕儒家关于情礼关系的叙述展开相关讨论。孔子为应对当时周礼虚浮空疏的危机,以“仁”这一有着重要情感内涵的道德范畴为礼奠基,由此产生了情礼关系问题。而情礼关系是双向的,一方面(合于“仁”的、中庸的)情感是礼的基础,另一方面礼又反过来调节(容易有偏的、具体的)情感,此即所谓“礼因人情而为之节文”。儒家情礼关系的思想对于我们思考各种有关秩序及其基础的现实困局仍然富有启发性。A large number of studies in the sociology of emotion and even sociology itself have fallen into the trap of excessive middle-range and micro-level.To get rid of this situation,we should face the fundamental situation of human existence in today's society and rethink the problem of the order's foundation proposed in the classical era of social theory.Concerning such issues,we found that the tradition of Confucianism provides us with abundant thought resources.This paper focuses on Confucian thoughts on the relationship between sentiments and"li"(rites).In order to cope with the crisis of the"Zhouli"(Rites of Zhou)at that age,Confucius took"ren"(benevolence),a moral category with sentiments as its important connotation,as the foundation of rites.Thus the issue of the relationship between sentiments and rites came into being.The relationship between sentiments and rites is bidirectional:on the one hand,sentiments(which conform with"ren"and"zhongyong"[moderate])are the basis of rites;on the other hand,rites in turn regulate sentiments(which constantly deviate from""zhongyong").Such a relationship shows the mechanism of so-called"rites come from sentiments and in turn regulate them".The thoughts of the relationship between sentiments and rites in Confucian school may provide us with inspirations for reflecting on the order and its foundation of our time.

关 键 词：情感 秩序 情礼关系 儒家 文质之辩 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学] C91[经济管理]