基于InGaAs单光子探测器的线阵扫描激光雷达及其光子信号处理技术研究  

Research on linear array scanning lidar and photon signal processing technology based on InGaAs single-photon detector

作　　者：张笑宇 王凤香 郭颖 王文娟[1] 罗永锋 武文 侯佳[1] 姜紫庆[1] 彭梓强 黄庚华[1,2] 舒嵘 Zhang Xiaoyu;Wang Fengxiang;Guo Ying;Wang Wenjuan;Luo Yongfeng;Wu Wen;Hou Jia;Jiang Ziqing;Peng Ziqiang;Huang Genghua;Shu Rong(Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200083,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences,Shanghai 201315,China;School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海技术物理研究所,上海200083 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]上海量子科学研究中心,上海201315 [4]上海理工大学光电信息与计算机工程学院,上海200093

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2023年第3期178-186,共9页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：上海市市级科技重大专项(2019SHZDZX01);船舶态势智能感知系统研制(MC-201920-X01);上海市自然科学基金(19ZR1466000)。

摘　　要：随着探测体系的发展,基于单光子探测技术的光子计数激光雷达受到了广泛关注,有效降低了系统对激光功率的需求,广泛应用在远距离测距及成像领域。针对激光雷达在人眼安全波段的工作需求,基于自由运转模式InGaAs/InP SPAD单光子探测器设计了一套多元收发的远程线阵光子计数激光雷达扫描成像原型系统,对探测器在日光背景下的探测概率影响因素展开了分析,配合主动淬灭电路设计及工作温度、偏压调整获得了系统的最佳工作点,并针对扫描视场中孤立目标特征采用了点云滤波及后脉冲预处理算法,将单个接收通道的原始数据率由200 kbps量级降低至小于1 kbps。与记录单次回波相比,单个测距周期记录四次回波可将有效数据量提升约5%。同时也对探测器的噪声及后脉冲等特性进行了分析。该系统工作波段为1550 nm,探测器线阵规模可达到128元,激光重频为20 kHz,可在2 s内实现水平200°范围内的激光三维成像,作用距离>3 km。经过成像算法处理,该系统在日光条件下成功实现多距离目标三维成像,成像目标清晰。Objective With the development of the detection system,the photon-counting imaging lidar based on single-photon detection technology has greatly improved the detection sensitivity of the echo optical signal,effectively reduced the demand of the system for laser power,and made it possible for miniaturized,long-distance,high-resolution,and high-precision laser 3D imaging equipment,which is widely used in the field of long-distance ranging and imaging and has become a research hotspot.Since the number of echo photons in long-distance laser detection is only the order of single photons,the detection performance of the detector is highly required.So at present,most photon-counting lidar remote imaging generally adopts the method of area array staring detection or unit micro-mirror scanning to accumulate the fixed target for a long time to improve the signal-to-noise ratio,which is not conducive to real-time dynamic measurement of large-scale and large-range targets Although there are many schemes using SPAD(Single-photon Avalanche Diode)to carry out ranging and imaging experiments at home and abroad,Si-based SPAD in the visible band is mainly used.Compared with InGaAs/InP SPAD,the dark count,detection efficiency,afterpulse probability,dead time and other indicators are not ideal.In order to achieve higher single-photon detection performance in near-infrared band,InGaAs/InP SPAD mainly adopts gated quenching mode,which is more suitable for the situation where the target distance is known,while not suitable for the situation where the target range is large,and the relevant research on the range measurement and imaging experiment using the active quenching mode InGaAs/InP SPAD of the free-running system is less,which is only at the stage of principle prototype.Therefore,this study proposes a linear array imaging lidar scheme based on InGaAs/InP single-photon detector.Methods Aiming at the working requirements of the eye safety band,based on the free-running mode InGaAs/InP SPAD,a set of remote linear array photon-countin

关 键 词：激光雷达 光子计数 三维成像 单光子探测 InGaAs/InP SPAD 

分 类 号：TN958.98[电子电信—信号与信息处理]