马克思主义视域下的历史真实  

The History Reality from the Marxist view

作　　者：倪凯 Ni Kai

机构地区：[1]河南大学历史文化学院 [2]聊城大学历史文化与旅游学院

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2023年第1期203-217,295,共16页The World History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“20世纪的历史学和历史学家”(项目编号:19ZDA235)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：历史哲学由思辨进入分析与叙事阶段,主要关注历史知识的性质。后现代主义历史理论家主张历史真相存在于主体间,历史学家无法直接认识到历史本身,历史学家认识到的是历史的表象与形式。这有一定合理性,但也容易导致怀疑主义。后现代主义强调历史的不确定性,否定理性的主导作用,削弱了客观存在的历史事实的基础作用。马克思主义历史哲学的历史本体是客观发生的历史事实,马克思将历史看作一个不断发展的过程,强调个人活动对历史的推动作用。马克思的“对象性活动”在认识论上突破了主客体对立的限制,主张人认识到的事物不是表象而是事物本身,人不仅能够认识现实世界,而且能够改造现实世界。Historical philosophy enters the analytical and narrative stage from speculative,which focuses on historical knowledge.It is claimed that the truth of history is intersubjectivity,and that historians cannot directly recognize history itself.What historians recognize is the appearance and form of history.This theory has certain rationality,but it can easily lead to scepticism.Postmodernism emphasizes the uncertainty of history,denies the leading role of reason,weakens the fundamental role of historical facts,and is not conducive to the shaping of cultural groups’leading value rationality.The historical ontology of Marxist philosophy of history are objective historical facts.Marx regards history as a process of continuous development and emphasizes the driving effect of individual activities on history.Marx’s“objective activity”breaks through the restriction of the opposition between subject and object in epistemology,and advocates that what people recognize is not the appearance but the thing itself.People can not only understand the real world,but can also transform it.

关 键 词：客观实在性 感性活动 感性世界 感性确定性 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]