华裔汉语成语产出性语言知识磨蚀:主要影响因素和句法语义特征  

The attrition of productive linguistic knowledge of Chinese idioms among overseas Chinese:Major influencing factors and syntactico-semantic features

作　　者：罗宇[1,2] 余海燕 张金桥 LUO Yu;YU Haiyan;ZHANG Jinqiao

机构地区：[1]广东第二师范学院文学院 [2]暨南大学华文学院

出　　处：《世界汉语教学》2023年第2期276-288,共13页Chinese Teaching in the World

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“留学生汉语话语意义理解语境效应的认知神经机制”(项目编号:18BYY120);广东省普通高校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目“母语教育与研究基地”(项目编号:2022WZJD007)的资助。

摘　　要：本研究时间跨度为3年,以印度尼西亚棉兰地区23名华裔为研究对象,采用问卷和产出性词汇测试,考察华裔汉语成语产出性语言知识磨蚀的主要影响因素和句法语义特征。研究表明,正式汉语学习停止三年后,华裔的成语产出性句法语义知识均发生了磨蚀。汉语使用量影响成语句法语义磨蚀,使用量多的组磨蚀少,使用量少的组磨蚀多;汉语水平对磨蚀影响不显著。汉语成语磨蚀有三个特征:句法功能不明晰,位置和及物性知识容易磨蚀;成语会因语义混淆,产生形义错配而磨蚀;句法语义未透彻掌握的情况下,整个成语容易磨蚀。Taking 23 Indonesian overseas Chinese as subjects,this study,with a time span of three years,investigates the major influencing factors and syntactico-semantic features of the attrition of productive linguistic knowledge of Chinese idioms by means of questionnaires and productive vocabulary tests.The results show that the syntactic knowledge and semantic knowledge of Chinese idioms have been lost in varying degrees during the three years immediately after stopping school learning.Chinese proficiency has no significant effect on the attrition of idioms;however,the high amount of Chinese use significantly retards the attrition of syntactic and semantic knowledge of Chinese idioms.There are three features in idiom attrition among overseas Chinese:the fact that the syntactic functions of Chinese idioms are vague and cannot be inferred from their components leads to the loss of their position knowledge and transitivity information;semantic confusion of similar Chinese idioms results in mismatches of their forms and meanings,thus the loss of idioms;the learners with an incomplete mastery of the syntax or semantics of idioms are more vulnerable to loss of idioms as a whole.

关 键 词：汉语成语 语言磨蚀 影响因素 句法语义特征 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]