评判动词和羡余否定  

Verbs of Judging and Expletive Negation

作　　者：李明[1] Li Ming

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（语言文字学）》2022年第11期3-13,共11页LINGUISTICS AND PHILOLOGY

摘　　要：“责怪”等评判动词可以带羡余否定组合“不该”。这类动词常被误认为预设其后小句补足语所表述的命题p为真,其实,评判动词预设大主语认定p为真、而非总是预设p为真或大主语相信p为真。这个问题在认知动词中也存在。对于大主语的评判,说话人可以默认,也可以不表态,但也可以表态反对,这三种情况分别对应叙实、非叙实、反叙实用法。除了评判动词,还有其他一些动词可以与羡余否定“不该”相关;不同动词与羡余否定“不该”的不同关联,同该动词的隐性否定义的强弱有关。Verbs of judging in Chinese,such as zeguai(贵怪,‘blame'),can take expletive negative combination bugai(不该,‘should not')in their complement clauses.Previous studies often misunderstand verbs of this type as presupposing the proposition expressed in the complement clause to be true.Strictly speaking,the presupposition is that the matrix subject alleges or assumes the proposition to be true,rather than that the proposition is true or that the matrix subject believes the proposition to be true.This is also the case for cognitive verbs such as renwei(认为,'think').The speaker may tacitly agree with the matrix subject's judgment,take no stance,or even express opposition.Correspondingly,verbs of judging fall into three subtypes:factive,non-factive and counter-factive.In addition to verbs of judging,other verbs may also involve expletive negator bugai,and their syntactic properties with respect to bugai can be accounted for in terms of their respective strength of implicit negation.

关 键 词：评判动词 羡余否定 预设 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]