矿山煤岩破碎方法研究进展及展望  

Research progress and prospect of coal-rock breaking methods in mines

作　　者：刘送永[1,2] 李洪盛 江红祥[1,2] 张强 崔玉明 刘晓辉 LIU Songyong;LI Hongsheng;JIANG Hongxiang;ZHANG Qiang;CUI Yuming;LIU Xiaohui(School of Mechatronic Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Jiangsu Province and Education Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Inelligent Mining Equipment,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221008,China;College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China;School of Mechatronic Engineering,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou 221116,China;School of Construction Machinery,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学机电工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学江苏省矿山智能采掘装备协同创新中心(省部共建),江苏徐州221008 [3]山东科技大学机械电子工程学院,山东青岛266590 [4]江苏师范大学机电工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [5]长安大学工程机械学院,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2023年第2期1047-1069,共23页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(51975570);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20210516);江苏省杰出青年基金资助项目(BK20211531)。

摘　　要：针对采掘装备在煤巷、岩巷工作中截割机构磨损严重、作业效率低等问题,开展了矿山煤岩破碎方法的分析、总结和探索研究。根据煤岩普氏系数将煤岩类型分为煤、半煤岩、硬岩及高硬岩,并针对目前采掘装备在煤巷和半煤岩巷中存在的问题,阐述目前铣削破岩、冲击破岩、滚压破岩及滚拉破岩等机械破岩技术与纯水射流、脉冲射流、空化射流及磨料射流等水射流破岩技术的工作原理及前沿研究现状。首先,针对煤炭开采中因夹矸、硬包裹体煤层硬度大导致采煤机截割机构磨损严重、机械化开采效率低的问题,进行了截齿破碎煤岩机理及性能、截齿磨损机理、滚筒结构创新设计等方面的阐述,指出目前煤层及夹矸煤层应突破煤岩破碎与高效截割机构设计等新技术,以解决煤层安全高效开采的难题;针对半煤岩巷进行了截齿与煤岩互作用力学模型、截齿自旋转减磨截割机理、截割机构截齿布置理论及最优化设计方法等方面的概述,结合半煤岩巷作业效率低、机械刀具磨损严重等问题,从理论、数值模拟和实验等方面分析了各种水射流冲击破岩方法工作原理及研究现状,并指出为提高复杂多变地质条件下半煤岩巷掘进装备的掘进效率,应根据截割工况设计截割机构刀具排列方式,并采用自适应技术规划掘进工作参数、掘进工艺,提高掘进装备系统可靠性、智能化及综掘工艺水平以实现半煤岩巷快速掘进;针对硬岩巷从理论、实验和数值模拟方面进行了滚刀/圆盘刀破岩机理、破岩性能、刀盘设计准则等方面的综述,进行了水射流辅助截齿/钻孔/滚刀/圆盘刀破岩及涨裂辅助破岩技术的总结,提出了液力或者机械涨裂辅助破岩是目前应对硬岩有效的方法,充分利用岩石抗压不抗拉特点实现硬岩的高效经济破碎,结合智能化算法实现钻孔与涨裂的协同作业,实现�Aiming at the problems of serious abrasion of cutting mechanism and low heading efficiency of heading equipment in coal roadway and rock roadway,the analysis,summary and exploration of coal-rock fragmentation[JP2]methods in mines were carried out.According to the proctor's coefficient of coal and rock,the types of coal-rock are divided into coal,semi-coal-rock,hard rock and high hard rock.In view of the problems existing in the current heading equipment in coal roadway and semi-coal-rock roadway,the working principle and cutting-edge research status of mechanical rock breaking technologies such as milling,impact,rolling and rolling rock breaking,and water jet rock breaking technologies such as pure water jet,pulse jet,cavitation jet and abrasive jet are summarized.First,in view of the serious wear of the shearer cutting mechanism and the low mechanized mining efficiency caused by high hardness of the coal-rock in coal seam with gangue and hard inclusions during coal mining,the mechanism and performance of the pick breaking coal-rock,the wear mechanism of the pick and the innovative design of the drum structure are summarized,and it is revealed that the current heading operation in the coal seam and the coal seam with gangue should achieve a break through in new technologies such as coal and rock breaking and efficient cutting mechanism design.Developing a complete set of technologies and equipment for fully mechanized mining in unmanned working face is the way to solve the problem of safe and efficient mining in deep coal seams.For the semi-coal rock roadway,the mechanical model of the interaction between the pick and the coal rock,the cutting mechanism of the self-rotation of the pick to reduce the wear,the cutting mechanism and the pick arrangement theory and the optimization design method are summarized.Furthermore,the working principle and research status of various water jet impact rock breaking methods are analyzed from the aspects of theory,numerical simulation and experiment in view of the low efficiency

关 键 词：煤岩破碎 半煤岩巷掘进 硬岩巷掘进 机械破岩 水射流辅助破岩 涨裂辅助破岩 

分 类 号：TD421[矿业工程—矿山机电]