小学儿童宽容品质的概念内涵与量表编制  

The Concept Connotation and Scale Development of the Tolerance character in Primary School Students

作　　者：张春妹[1] 张安琪 彭显华 朱小玲 Zhang Chunmei;Zhang Anqi;Peng Xianhua;Zhu Xiaoling

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院心理学系 [2]武汉市三眼桥小学

出　　处：《中国社会心理学评论》2022年第2期113-135,259,260,共25页Chinese Social Psychological Review

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目(21FSHB012)的资助。

摘　　要：在积极品质培养的视角下,急需开展中国文化背景下宽容的结构和测量研究。中国的宽容与西方的宽恕在概念属性、对象范围、文化内涵上均具有重要区别。受我国传统文化影响的宽容,其内涵包括推己及人的理解、不计人过的不计较、不怨恨、行为克制容忍、念及他人善的宽厚和尊重差异性六个方面。以针对小学生开放式问卷的宽容事件和行为的内容分析为基础,编制了小学生宽容品质量表,探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析揭示了小学生宽容品质包括体谅他人、敌意预期、冒犯容忍与行为回击四个维度。正式量表具有较好的信度(内部一致性系数在0.64~0.89),与自尊、共情分别具有低度和中度的相关(分别为0.19、0.49),但与Hearland宽恕量表具有较高的正相关(r=0.63),显示量表效标关联效度良好,区分度一般。量表揭示出小学儿童宽容品质具有明显的中国文化特性、道德属性和发展阶段性。From the perspective of positive quality cultivation,it is urgent to study the structure and measurement of tolerance in Chinese culture.There are important differences between Chinese tolerance and western forgiveness in concept attribute,object scope and cultural connotation.Under the influence of Chinese traditional culture,tolerance includes six aspects understanding oneself and others,not caring about others’mistakes,not resenting others,restraint and tolerance,thinking about others’kindness and respecting others’differences.Based on the content analysis of the tolerance events and behaviors in the open questionnaire for primary school students,the scale of tolerance quality of primary school students was developed.Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the tolerance quality of primary school students included four dimensions consideration of others,hostility expectation,tolerance of offence and retaliation.The formal scale had good reliability internal consistency coefficient ranged from 0.64 to 0.89.It had a high positive correlation with Headland Forgiveness scale which means it was modestly differentiated(r=0.63),and had low and moderate correlation with self-esteem and empathy respectively(r=0.19,0.49),indicating good criterion-related validity of the scale.The scale has revealed that tolerance of primary school children has obvious Chinese cultural characteristics,moral attributes and stages of development.

关 键 词：宽容 道德品质 小学儿童 量表编制 

分 类 号：C913.5[经济管理]