礼乐的伦理精神  

The Ethical Spirit of Rites and Music

作　　者：徐嘉[1] Xu Jia

机构地区：[1]东南大学人文学院

出　　处：《江苏社会科学》2023年第2期48-57,I0003,共11页Jiangsu Social Sciences

基　　金：江苏省道德发展智库、江苏省公民道德与社会风尚协同创新中心项目“中国传统礼乐文化的伦理机制研究”(2242018S10016);“商周伦理探源研究”、国家社科基金“先秦儒家伦理的情感逻辑研究”(19ZXB115)的研究成果。

摘　　要：原初时期礼乐一体,以敬神娱神的方式,发挥了维持群体秩序、巩固共同体团结的伦理功能。殷周之际将礼乐制度化,其最大变革在于制礼作乐合于德,并以亲亲、尊尊、长长、男女有别的伦理原则作为礼乐的规定性。春秋时期,孔子以仁作为礼乐的内在依据,并重视乐化育人心的独特价值。其后,《荀子·乐论》《礼记·乐记》都发扬了礼乐根源于人心的观念。而《乐记》更提出了“礼者天地之序”“乐者天地之和”的理念,礼乐以仪节、仪式与乐歌、乐舞形式来追求“序”“和”这样深远的伦理目标,实现了礼乐伦理精神的历史建构。可以说,礼乐的伦理精神超越时代而绵延不断,其所追求的化解冲突后的自由(“和”)且秩序井然(“序”),是中国传统伦理对于世界文明的重要贡献。In primitive times,rites and music were integrated,and,by worshiping and entertaining the gods,played the ethical function of maintaining the order and solidarity of the community.During the Shang and Zhou dynasties,rites and music were institutionalized.The greatest change was that the rites and music must be created in accordance with"virtue"and specific ethical principles,like the affection for kin,the honour to the honourable,the respect for the aged,and the differences between males and females,were used as the regulations of rites and music.During the Spring and Autumn Period,Confucius took"benevolence"as the intrinsic rationale of rites and music,and valued the unique value of"music"in cultivating the humanity.Later,the"Discourse on Music"chapter in Xunzi and the"Record of Music"chapter in Book of Rites both promote the concept that rites and music are rooted in the human mind.The"Record of Music"also proposes the ideas that"ritual is the order of heaven and earth"and that"music is the harmony between heaven and earth".Rituals,ceremonies,songs and dances are used as a means of pursuing the profound ethical goals of"order"and"harmony",thus realizing the historical construction of the ethical spirit of rites and music.It can be said that the ethical spirit of rites and music has continued beyond the times.The ethical spirit of rites and music aims at the dialectical unity of freedom("harmony")and organized operation("order")after resolving conflicts,which is an important contribution of traditional Chinese ethics to world civilization.

关 键 词：礼 乐 仁 和 伦理精神 

分 类 号：B82-05[哲学宗教—伦理学]