法国汉学家、加拿大裔美国生理学家与《黄帝内经》首部英译本  

French Sinologist,Canadian-born American Physiologist and the First English Translation of the Huangdi Neijing

作　　者：王银泉[1] WANG Yinquan(College of Foreign Studies,Institute of Chinese Agricultural Civilization,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学外国语学院、中华农业文明研究院,南京210095

出　　处：《中医药文化》2023年第2期105-126,共22页Chinese Medical Culture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(17FZS039)。

摘　　要：中医知识以译介途径传入西方最初由明末清初在华耶稣会士翻译为拉丁文和法文等欧洲语言。就中医典籍英译而言,迄今学界一致公认《黄帝内经》最早的英译于1925年由道森(Dawson)完成,然而,在很长一段时间里,学界只知晓这个译者的一个英文姓氏Dawson和名字首字母P,即P.Dawson。换言之,没人知晓其完整姓名,且道森更是被错误地认定为德国人并且被长期以讹传讹。过往研究也从未提及道森的译文发表在1925年《医学史年鉴》的具体哪一期以及《医学史年鉴》是个什么样的刊物。大量原始文献的考证以及相关研究,确认了道森的国籍和学术身份,《黄帝内经素问》首个英译者为出生在加拿大、大半辈子生活和工作在美国的运动生理学家珀西·米拉德·道森(Percy Millard Dawson,1873—1970),译文发表在1925年3月出版的美国医学史期刊《医学史年鉴》(Annals of Medical History)第7卷第1期。颇为出乎意料的是,道森翻译的《黄帝内经素问》的源语文本并不是中文著作,而是19世纪末至20世纪初在中国生活了46年的法国耶稣会士戴遂良(Léon Wieger,1856—1933)于1917年在中国直隶河间府献县出版的法语版汉学著作《中国宗教信仰及哲学观通史》(Histoire des croyances religieuses et opinions philosophiques en Chine depuis l’origine jusqu’a nos jours)的其中一课。世界比较宗教学研究先驱艾尔伯特·伊斯坦斯·海登(Albert Eustace Haydon,1880—1975)是《黄帝内经素问》首个英译本的重要促成者。由此,关于首个《黄帝内经》英译者的身份,从国籍被张冠李戴和身份模糊不清,以至于只有寥寥数语,且语焉不详的简介,甚至长期成为以讹传讹的例子,到现在还原史实抽丝剥茧般地水落石出真相大白。上述重大发现推动了中医英译与对外传播史研究方向取得突破性进展,同时也揭秘了横跨东西半球三大洲的中西文化知识The earliest knowledge translation of traditional Chinese medicine into European languages such as Latin and French by European Jesuits in China can date back to the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.As far as the English translation of TCM classics is concerned,it is universally acknowledged that the earliest English translation of the Huangdi Neijing(The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine)is the Dawson version in 1925.However,for a long time,the academic community knows nothing more than the translator’s surname Dawson and the first letter of his given name P(i.e.P.Dawson);in other words,no one has been able to know his full name.Worse than all,Dawson was wrongly identified as being a German,the baseless assertion of which has been passed down to this day.There has been no mention of the specific issue in which Dawson’s translation was published in 1925 or what kind of journal the Annals of Medical History was.Based on a multitude of original documents and relevant researches,this article makes a detailed textual research on Dawson’s nationality,academic identity and the source language text from which he translated the Suwen(Plain Questions)of Huangdi Neijing and goes on to confirm that the translator of the first English translation of the Huangdi Neijing is Percy Millard Dawson,a sports physiologist who was born in Canada but lived and worked in the United States for most of his life.The translation was published in March 1925 in the first issue of the 7th volume of Annals of Medical History,a journal published in the United States.Quite unexpectedly,the source text for Dawson’s translation is not from the Chinese classic.Rather,it is one of the lessons of Histoire des croyances religieuses et opinions philosophiques en China depuis l’origine jusqu’a nos jours,a French sinology monograph printed in Hsien hsien of Ho Kien Fou,Chihli of China in 1917 authored by Léon Wieger,a French Jesuit who lived in China for 46 years from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th c

关 键 词：《黄帝内经素问》 英译 《医学史年鉴》 道森 戴遂良 汉学家 

分 类 号：K207.8[历史地理—历史学]