推力矢量型V/STOL飞行器动态过渡过程的操纵策略优化  

Control strategy optimization of dynamic transition processes of thrust-vectored V/STOL aircraft

作　　者：周涛[1] 王子安 龚正[1] 佘崇民[1] 赵彤 张同任 ZHOU Tao;WANG Zian;GONG Zheng;SHE Chongmin;ZHAO Tong;ZHANG Tongren(College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute,Aviation Industry Corporation of China,Limited,Shenyang 110000,China;Flying College,Binzhou University,Binzhou Shandong 256600,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学航空学院,南京210016 [2]中国航空工业集团有限公司沈阳飞机设计研究所,沈阳110000 [3]滨州学院飞行学院,山东滨州256600

出　　处：《航空动力学报》2023年第2期408-419,共12页Journal of Aerospace Power

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11402115);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目。

摘　　要：针对推力矢量型垂直/短距起降(vertical/short takeoff and landing,V/STOL)飞行器的动态过渡过程模型,综合考虑过渡走廊限制、操纵冗余及不同起降任务需求指标,研究最优过渡操纵策略。考虑V/STOL飞行器的喷射气流效应,对飞行器进行全量动力学建模。利用可达平衡集方法,建立通用过渡走廊计算框架。设计了能够在V/STOL过渡段和高速飞行间平稳过渡的操纵方式。将推力矢量飞行器的动态倾转过渡过程转化为非线性动态最优控制问题,根据不同起降任务特点建立合理的指标和约束,采用直接转换法和序列二次规划算法进行求解,得出不同任务特点下的最优操纵策略与过渡过程。采用可达平衡集计算过渡走廊的方法,不仅不受飞行器类型的限制,更简化了构造过程,具有良好的通用性与鲁棒性。以光滑过渡为目标的优化结果使得飞行员在飞行器过渡过程中的操纵量变化大幅减小,从而使得飞行员能更加专注于对飞行器运动的操纵;以距离更短为目标的优化结果则使得降落过程的飞行距离缩短了30%左右。从操纵策略出发的优化结果使得驾驶员能够更好掌握操纵关注点及边界,增加了整个动态过渡过程的安全性。For the dynamic tilting model of the vertical/short takeoff and landing(V/STOL)aircrafts during the transition process,a deep insight into the optimal control strategy was gained by considering the constraints of the conversion corridor,control redundancy and the demand indexes of different takeoff/landing missions.Considering the jet-induced effect of the prototype aircraft,the V/STOL aircraft was totally modeled.A calculation architecture for the general conversion corridor was established based on the attainable balance set methodology.A control strategy was designed to ensure smooth conversion from the V/STOL aircraft transition process to the high-speed forward flight phase.By converting the dynamic tilting problem during the transition process to a dynamic nonlinear optimal control problem,the appropriate indexes and constraints were established according to the characteristics of different takeoff/landing missions.The method of calculating the conversion corridor by reachable equilibrium set was not limited by the type of aircraft,but also was used to simplify the construction process with good versatility and robustness.The optimization results with the goal of smooth transition grealy reduced the pilot’s manipulation change during the aircraft transition process,so that the pilot can focus more on the manipulation of the aircraft motion.The optimization result for shorter distance shortened the flight distance of landing process by about 30%.The optimization results from the control strategy enabled the pilot to better grasp the control focus and boundary,and increased the safety of the entire dynamic transition process.

关 键 词：推力矢量 动力学建模 过渡过程 过渡走廊 操纵策略 最优控制 

分 类 号：V249.1[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]