不同情境中幼儿情绪表达规则认知发展的追踪研究  

A Longitudinal Study on the Cognitive Development of Children’s Emotional Display Rules in Different Situations

作　　者：王军利 林艺 文彦茹 侯莉敏 唐文清 张凌燕 Wang Junli;Lin Yi;Wen Yanru;Hou Limin;Tang Wenqing;Zhang Lingyan(Faculty of Education,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin,541004;The Second Kindergarten of Guilin Municipal Government,Guilin,541001)

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学教育学部,桂林541004 [2]桂林市机关第二幼儿园,桂林541001

出　　处：《心理科学》2023年第1期65-71,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学青年项目(CHA150177);广西民族教育发展研究中心2021年度课题(2021MJYB002);2021年度广西研究生教育创新计划项目(YCSW2021107)的资助。

摘　　要：用追踪研究方法,探讨4~6岁幼儿在高兴、惊讶与害怕情境中的情绪表达规则认知发展,并考察情境、性别、人际背景等对其发展的影响。结果表明:(1)幼儿情绪表达规则知识、目标和策略均逐年增长,但具体因子发展各有特点;(2)害怕情境中幼儿多用掩饰策略保护自己,惊讶情境中多用掩饰和夸大策略,高兴情境中则综合运用多种策略;(3)女童与男童知识上无差异,但社会目标水平比男童高;(4)人际背景对幼儿情绪表达规则认知的影响因情境而异。The expression of human emotions is innate and accompanies the whole life. With the increase of age, we may find that the emotions that individuals really experience may not be expressed, and the emotions expressed may not be truly experienced. This phenomenon can be explained by emotional expression/display rules. Emotional expression rules guide individuals to learn to regulate emotions and express appropriate emotions in specific situations in order to achieve specific goals. Children with better cognitive ability in emotional expression rules have better interpersonal communication ability, better social adaptability and higher social status. Many researchers have used a cross-sectional research method to explore the cognitive development of children’s emotional expression rules. However, due to factors such as individual differences between subjects of different ages, the results of the experiment will be affected, resulting in inconsistent results, especially in gender and interpersonal background. There are even conflicting research results, and longitudinal research can make up for this deficiency. In addition, existing researchers pay more attention to positive and negative emotional situations, and pay less attention to specific emotional situations. Therefore, this study explored the development of 60 children’s cognition ability of emotional expression rules in happy, fearful and surprised situations for two years using a longitudinal study method, and examined the effects of emotional situation, gender and interpersonal background on their development.The results of the study found that:(1) The levels of knowledge, goal and strategy of emotional expression rules of children aged 4~6 years old develop with age, and have consistency across situations. However, the development of specific factors has their own characteristics: the levels of emotion expression knowledge and ego-oriented goals continues to develop rapidly, the levels of society-oriented goals, exaggeration strategies and weakening str

关 键 词：幼儿 情绪表达规则 情绪情境 发展 追踪研究 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]