面向平均区域覆盖的多机器人分布式控制  

Distributed even coverage control of multi-robot systems

作　　者：肖凡 杨庆凯 周勃 方浩[1] XIAO Fan;YANG Qing-kai;ZHOU Bo;FANG Hao(Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision Systems,School of Automation,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学自动化学院,复杂系统智能控制与决策国家重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《控制理论与应用》2023年第3期441-449,共9页Control Theory & Applications

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61903035,U1913602,61903036)资助。

摘　　要：随着通信技术、传感技术和控制技术的发展,多机器人系统因其良好的鲁棒性,灵活性和可扩展性,在理论研究和工程应用中展现出广阔的前景.区域覆盖是多机器人系统典型应用之一,目前多采用维诺图分割覆盖区域并使用Lloyd算法控制机器人前往维诺图细胞中心.然而传统Lloyd算法存在不平衡问题,即机器人覆盖区域面积大小不一,这降低了多机器人协作效率.针对平均区域覆盖问题,本文提出了一种改进的Lloyd算法,将维诺图中各细胞面积方差引入Lloyd算法,相应地设计了基于梯度下降法的分布式控制器.本文方法降低了维诺图中各细胞面积的方差,改善了Lloyd算法的平衡性,能够实现整个区域面积更为平均的划分与机器人对该区域的覆盖.数值仿真与无人机实物实验均验证了改进算法的有效性.With the development of communication technology,sensing technology and control technology,multi-robot system shows broad prospects in theoretical research and engineering application due to its good robustness,flexibility and scalability.Area coverage is one of the typical applications of multi-robot system.At present,the mainstream is to divide the coverage area using Voronoi diagram and control the robot to go to the cell center by Lloyd algorithm.However,the traditional Lloyd algorithm has imbalance problem,that is,the coverage area of robots is different,which reduces the efficiency of multi-robot cooperation.To solve the even coverage problem,this paper improves the Lloyd algorithm by introducing the cell area variance in the Voronoi diagram into the Lloyd algorithm,and correspondingly deriving the controller based on the gradient descent method.This method reduces the variance of each cell area in the Voronoi diagram,which improves the balance of the Lloyd algorithm,and can realize a more even division of the whole area and the coverage of the robot.The effectiveness of the improved algorithm is verified by numerical simulation and UAV physical experiment.

关 键 词：多智能体系统 覆盖控制 维诺图 Lloyd算法 分布式控制 控制系统 

分 类 号：TP242[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TP273[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]