2016-2020年黄渤海海域主要经济类海产品异尖线虫幼虫感染现况分析  

Infection status of Anisakis larvae in the major economic marine products in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea from 2016 to 2020

作　　者：冯静 刘海韵[1] 林荣[1] 李悦 向继平[1] 张茗媛 王茂波[1] Feng Jing;Liu Haiyun;Lin Rong;Li Yue;Xiang Jiping;Zhang Mingyuan;Wang Maobo(Department of Endemic and Parasitic Diseases,Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yantai 264003,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台市疾病预防控制中心地方病和寄生虫病防制科,烟台264003

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2023年第3期200-205,共6页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(20220105017)。

摘　　要：目的:掌握黄渤海海域主要经济类海产品异尖线虫幼虫感染状况,为异尖线虫系统监测和相关疾病防治提供基线数据。方法:2016年4月至2020年9月,对山东省烟台市和威海市沿海所属黄渤海海域9个捕捞点周边海域(渤海湾、黄渤海交界中部、黄渤海交界南部、黄海北部、黄海南部)现场捕捞的海产品样本进行解剖和虫体检测,比较不同类别样本和样本体内各脏器异尖线虫幼虫感染和分布情况,以及各捕捞点周边海域间、国内不同采样点间海鱼类异尖线虫幼虫感染水平差异;同时,对各捕捞点附近居民开展异尖线虫病健康知识知晓情况调查。结果:在黄渤海海域共检测5类海产品708例,其中海鱼类581例、软体类22例、棘皮类20例、甲壳类75例、贝类10例。仅海鱼类检出异尖线虫幼虫感染(191例),检出异尖线虫幼虫4 723条,感染率为32.87%(191/581),感染强度为24.73(4 723/191)条/例;主要分布在肠系膜及肠壁(38.96%,1 840/4 723)、体腔(22.04%,1 041/4 723)和胃壁(17.95%,848/4 723)。各捕捞点周边海域间海鱼类异尖线虫幼虫感染水平比较,黄海南部感染率最高,且感染强度明显高于黄渤海交界中部和黄渤海交界南部(均 P < 0.05)。国内不同采样点间海鱼类异尖线虫幼虫感染水平比较,舟山口岸以及锦州、烟台、汕头市售感染率均明显高于黄渤海海域(均 P < 0.05),丹东、青岛市售感染率均明显低于黄渤海海域(均 P < 0.05)。共对1 805例黄渤海海域附近居民开展异尖线虫病健康知识知晓情况调查,其中,20.78%(375/1 805)的居民听说过异尖线虫病,15.73%(284/1 805)的居民知道异尖线虫病是怎么得的,12.30%(222/1 805)的居民知道异尖线虫病对人体的危害,16.68%(301/1 805)的居民知道怎么做才能预防异尖线虫病。 结论:黄渤海海域海鱼类存在异尖线虫幼虫感染,且感染水平较高,今后应加强异尖线虫病防治知识普及力度。Objective To learn about the infection status of Anisakis larvae in the major economic marine products in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea,and provide baseline data for systematic monitoring of Anisakis and prevention and control of related diseases.Methods From April 2016 to September 2020,the samples of marine products collected in the surrounding waters of 9 fishing sites in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea(Bohai Bay,the middle part of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea junction,the southern part of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea junction,the northern part of the Yellow Sea and the southern part of the Yellow Sea)in the coastal areas of Yantai City and Weihai City,Shandong Province were dissected and tested for worms.The infection and distribution of Anisakis larvae in different types of samples and different organs in the samples were compared,and the differences of the infection level of Anisakis larvae in marine fish among the surrounding waters of different fishing sites and different sampling sites in China were compared.At the same time,a survey on the awareness of health knowledge of anisakiasis was carried out among the residents near each fishing sites.Results A total of 708 cases of 5 types of marine products were tested in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea,including 581 cases of marine fish,22 cases of mollusks,20 cases of echinodermata,75 cases of crustaceans and 10 cases of shellfish.Anisakis larvae infection was detected only in marine fish(191 cases),and 4723 Anisakis larvae were found.The infection rate was 32.87%(191/581)and the infection intensity was 24.73(4723/191)larvae/case.They were mainly distributed in mesentery and intestinal wall(38.96%,1840/4723),coelom(22.04%,1041/4723)and gastric wall(17.95%,848/4723).The infection levels of Anisakis larvae in marine fish among the surrounding waters of different fishing sites were compared,the infection rate in the southern part of the Yellow Sea was the highest,and its infection intensity was significantly higher than that in the middle and southern part of the Yell

关 键 词：海产品 黄渤海 异尖线虫 感染 知晓率 

分 类 号：R155.55[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]