用于列车地板结构减振的动力吸振器设计  

Design of Dynamic Vibration Absorbers for Vibration Reduction of Train's Floor

作　　者：李哲豪 郑辉[1] LI Zhehao;ZHENG Hui(China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710043,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,西安710043

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2023年第2期265-271,共7页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司科研课题资助项目(院科20-20)。

摘　　要：动力吸振器作为一种振动控制的主要手段,很少被用于铁道车辆车体结构的振动控制。通过仿真分析发现车辆在33.6 Hz处存在地板局部振动放大现象。为解决该问题,建立地板-多重动力吸振器系统运动方程,推导得到动力放大系数函数,并提出一种基于偏导数的数值搜索方法,计算多重动力吸振器的最优参数。利用仿真方法提取地板目标模态的振型函数,并计算模态质量,最终得到地板最优多重动力吸振器参数。将动力吸振器建入车体仿真模型对其振动控制效果进行验证。结果表明,目标频率33.6 Hz处的地板振动加速度峰值下降23.98%,且33.6 Hz附近的振动传递率也有所下降,所设计的地板多重动力吸振器具有良好的减振效果。As a main means of vibration reduction,dynamic vibration absorbers are rarely used for vibration reduction of body structure of railway vehicles.It was found that there existed local vibration amplification at 33.6 Hz on the floor through emulation analysis.In order to solve this problem,the kinetic equation of the floor-multiple dynamic vibration absorbers system was established,the function of the dynamic magnification factor was derived,and a numerical method based on partial derivative was proposed to calculate the optimal parameters of the multiple dynamic vibration absorbers.The emulation method was used to extract the mode shape function of the target mode of the floor,and the modal mass was calculated.Finally,the optimal parameters of multiple dynamic vibration absorbers were obtained.The dynamic vibration absorbers were built into the emulation model of the vehicle body and their vibration reduction effect was verified.The results show that the peak value of acceleration of the floor at the target frequency of 33.6 Hz has decreased by 23.98%,and the transmissibility of vibration near 33.6 Hz has also decreased.The multiple dynamic vibration absorbers for the floor have a good effect of vibration reduction.

关 键 词：振动与波 地板 振动控制 多重动力吸振器 动力放大系数 

分 类 号：U270.1[机械工程—车辆工程]