招考一体还是招考分离:我国职教高考改革中的考试招生关系研究  

Separation or Integration:Research on the Relation between Examination and Admission in the Vocational College Entrance Examination System Reform

作　　者：陈礼业 李政[1] Chen Liye;Li Zheng(East China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学职业教育与成人教育研究所

出　　处：《职教论坛》2023年第3期45-52,共8页Journal of Vocational Education

基　　金：全国教育科学“十三五”规划国家青年课题“现代职教体系构建背景下我国职教高考制度的基础理论与实践模式研究”(编号:CJA200255),主持人:李政。

摘　　要：职教高考制度的提出,源自于现行单轨制高考的种种弊端日益凸显,作为职教高考制度建设进程中的重要一环——招考关系,其理应得到深入讨论与研究。以“利益相关者”理论为视角,梳理我国高职院校招考关系的演进脉络,发现职业教育招考模式改革的核心是协调职业院校和政府之间,围绕自主发展权和职业教育治理的国家事权所形成的关系,本质是对教育资源分配权的博弈。近年来中央政府发展职业教育的新思路催生了招考分离的土壤。从招考一体到招考分离,有利于提升考试工作的专业性与效率性、促进跨专业创新人才与特色人才的培养、维护高职院校的自主招生质量。然而,实施招考分离仍存在高职院校招生的“关系”之忧、高职院校的招生能力之忧、中职的教学工作之忧以及学生的备考成本与负担之忧等疑虑。未来职教高考的招考关系改革,应处理好中央、地方和学校在招考分离制度中的权责关系,建立第三方评价机构和项目认证制度,把提升学生对职业院校的选择自由度作为招考制度改革的首要任务,以确保高职院校招考制度改革在正确而合理的方向上进行。The proposal of a vocational college entrance examination system originates from the increasing disadvantages of the current single-track college entrance examination.As an important part of the construction process of the vocational college entrance examination system,the relationship between admission and examination should be discussed and studied in depth.From the perspective of stakeholder theory,this study analyzes the evolution of the admission-examination relationship in China’s vocational colleges.It shows that the core of vocational education admission-examination reform is the coordination between vocational colleges and the government regarding the relationship formed around the autonomy of vocational colleges’development rights and the national power of vocational education governance.Essentially,it is a game of allocating educational resources.In recent years,the new ideas of the central government to develop vocational education have created the soil for the separation of admission and examination.From integration to separation,it is conducive to improving the professionalism and efficiency of the examination work,promoting the cultivation of cross-disciplinary innovative talents and characteristic talents,and maintaining the quality of autonomous enrollment in vocational colleges.However,there are some doubts about the implementation of separation,such as teaching work of secondary vocational schools,and students’preparation cost and burden.In the future,it is necessary to deal with the power and responsibility relationship between the central government,local government,and vocational schools in the separation system of admission and examination.In addition,establish a third-party evaluation agency and project certification system,and make it the primary reform task to enhance students’freedom in choosing vocational colleges.All of them are to ensure that the reform in vocational colleges is carried out in a correct and reasonable direction.

关 键 词：职教高考 高考改革 招考制度 利益相关者 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]