辣椒素在吞咽障碍患者中的应用进展  

Research progress of capsaicin in patients with dysphagia

作　　者：钟娟平 张丽红[1] 谢琪 马丽[1] 苏予洁 王兴蕾[3] 豆欣蔓 ZHONG Juanping;ZHANG Lihong;XIE Qi;MA Li;SU Yujie;WANG Xinglei;DOU Xinman(School of Nursing,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学护理学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州大学第二医院神经内科,甘肃兰州730030 [3]兰州大学第二医院肝病科 [4]兰州大学第二医院护理部

出　　处：《中华全科医学》2023年第4期667-671,共5页Chinese Journal of General Practice

基　　金：兰州大学第二医院应用基础研究-面上项目(CY2020-MS19)。

摘　　要：吞咽是维持生存的重要功能,吞咽障碍在老年人、神经系统疾病、口咽疾病、食管疾病以及精神疾病的患者中发病率较高。当发生吞咽功能损伤时,患者常表现为食物下咽困难、饮水呛咳、流涎等症状,还可能引起肺部感染、脱水、营养不良、吸入性肺炎、窒息等严重的并发症,从而导致患者医疗费用增加、满意度降低、生活质量下降;改善吞咽障碍旨在加速吞咽功能的恢复,并且降低以上风险。目前,吞咽障碍的治疗包括药物治疗、康复理疗等,但是有关吞咽障碍代偿性措施及康复治疗技术在改善吞咽功能的神经生理及生化方面作用有限,并且对于吞咽障碍还没有特异性治疗药物。辣椒素作为一种新兴的治疗方式,不仅广泛存在于食物中,而且价格便宜、易提取,同时被国内外学者应用于治疗吞咽障碍患者,效果显著。瞬时感受器电位香草酸受体1(TRPV1)作为辣椒素受体,是非选择性阳离子通道中研究中最为广泛、最受欢迎的受体;辣椒素刺激可使患者产生吞咽反射、咳嗽反射,使吞咽过程更加安全、有效,其目的在于改善吞咽功能和预防吸入性肺炎。本文就辣椒素的概述、辣椒素应用于吞咽障碍患者的作用机制、干预方法和用于不同吞咽障碍患者的现状等方面进行综述,以期为今后吞咽障碍患者的功能恢复提供一定的理论依据与参考价值。Swallowing is an important function to maintain survival,and dysphagia has a high incidence amongst the elderly patients with nervous system diseases,oropharynx diseases,oesophageal diseases and mental diseases.When swallowing causes functional damage,patients often show symptoms such as difficulty in swallowing food,coughing in drinking water and salivation.Serious complications such as lung infection,dehydration,malnutrition,aspiration pneumonia and asphyxia can also occur.Consequently,leading to increased medical expenses,reduced satisfaction,and decreased quality of life for patients.Improving dysphagia aims to accelerate the recovery of swallowing and reducing the above-mentioned risks.At present,the treatment of dysphagia includes drug therapy and rehabilitation physiotherapy,but the compensatory measures of dysphagia and rehabilitation therapy technology have limited effects in improving the neurophysiology and biochemistry of swallowing function.In addition,no specific drug has been developed for the treatment of dysphagia.Capsaicin,as a new treatment method,is widely used in food,and it has low-cost and easy to extract.It has also been applied to patients with dysphagia by scholars at home and abroad,and the therapeutic effect is remarkable.Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1),as a capsaicin receptor,is an extensive and popular receptor in non-selective cation channels.Capsaicin stimulation can cause swallowing reflex and cough reflex in patients,which makes swallowing process safer and more effective,thereby improving swallowing function and preventing inhalation pneumonia.In this paper,the overview of capsaicin,the mechanism of capsaicin used in patients with dysphagia,the intervention methods and the present situation,understanding and application potential of capsaicin in different patients with dysphagia were reviewed,to provide some theoretical basis and reference value for functional recovery of patients with dysphagia in the future.

关 键 词：辣椒素 吞咽障碍 瞬时感受器电位香草酸受体1 

分 类 号：R743.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]