终身教育立法的“政策之窗”何以开启——多源流理论视域下我国政策的走向  

How to Open the“Policy Window”of Lifelong Education Legislation:The Trend of Chinese Policy from the Perspective of Multiple Streams Theory

作　　者：蒋纪平 张义兵[1] 满其峰[1] JIANG Jiping;ZHANG Yibing;MAN Qifeng(Department of Education Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,China;School of Information Engineering,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,南京210097 [2]河南科技学院信息工程学院,新乡453003

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2023年第3期93-104,共12页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：江苏教育改革发展战略性与政策性研究课题“江苏终身学习体系建设的现实问题与对策研究”(211060A52007)。

摘　　要：终身教育的理念已深入人心。《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》提出要完善终身学习体系、建设学习型社会,这迫切需要一部国家层面的终身教育立法来搭建各级各类教育和培训之间贯通的立交桥,保障公民学习权利。多源流理论为政策的建立过程和内在机理分析提供了方法论指导,对分析我国终身教育立法具有较强的适切性。采用多源流理论分析我国终身教育政策的演变历程,问题源流凸显了人口结构变化带来的教育资源供不应求、国家层面终身教育法的缺位和地方立法的片面化理解与昭示性强等问题;在政策源流中,全国人大代表及政协委员积极提出立法提案、专家学者的研究和已有法规政策及地方立法重组等,都积极推动立法进程;在政治源流中,党对教育公平和学习型社会理念的追求以及公众强烈的学习需求为终身教育立法提供了良好的支持。我国终身教育政策在政策企业家的推动下实现三源流耦合,历经3个阶段的变迁,呈现出问题源流先导、政治源流主导、政策源流积极推动的特点。终身教育立法的政策之窗开启,仍需在宏观上加强顶层设计、完善教育体制机制、理顺各级教育法之间的位阶关系;在中观实践层面上,迫切需要建立国家资历框架来保障终身教育各项实践的规范运行;在微观立法层面上,以政策企业家的推动、相关政策的外溢与地方立法等推动国家层面终身教育立法。The concept of lifelong education has been widely known.Perfecting the lifelong learning system and building a learning society were put forward in the“Fourteenth Five Year Plan”.A national lifelong education legislation is urgently required to build a bridge between all levels of education and training and protect citizens’learning rights.The theory of multiple streams provides methodological guidance for analyzing policy establishment process and its internal mechanism,which is suitable for analyzing the lifelong education legislation in China.The theory of multiple steams is used to analyze the policy evolution of lifelong education of China.The problem stream reveals the problems of the shortage of educational resources caused by the population structure changes,the absence of the national lifelong education law,and the one-sided understanding and strong manifestation of local legislation.In the policy stream,the proposals of the National People’s Congress deputies and members of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference,the research of experts and scholars and the reorganization of existing laws and local legislation actively promote the legislative process.In the political stream,the Communist Party of China’s pursuit of education equity and a learning society and the public’s strong learning needs provide good support for the lifelong education legislation.The three streams have coupled under the promotion of policy entrepreneurs with three stages.It has shown the characteristics of problem stream starting first,political stream leading,and policy stream advancing.To open the window of lifelong education policy,the efforts should be taken in the following three aspects:at the macro level,it is necessary to strengthen the top-level design and improve the educational system and mechanism,and clarify the rank relationship among education laws at all levels;at the meso level,it is urgent to establish a national qualification framework to ensure the normative operation of the practice of

关 键 词：终身教育 终身教育立法 多源流理论 政策之窗 

分 类 号：G646[文化科学—高等教育学] G40-011.8[文化科学—教育学]