执行功能在不同年级儿童数学能力中的作用  

Role of executive function in mathematical ability of children in different grades

作　　者：祝孝亮 赵鑫 ZHU Xiaoliang;ZHAO Xin(Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu province,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;School of Psychology,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省行为与心理健康重点实验室 [2]西北师范大学心理学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《心理学报》2023年第5期696-710,共15页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260207);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(21XJA190005);西北师范大学研究生科研资助项目(2021KYZZ02031)资助。

摘　　要：选取812名三~六年级的儿童,采用相关分析和结构方程模型等方法考察了各执行功能成分在不同年级儿童三种数学能力中的作用。结果显示,在低年级阶段,工作记忆广度是数学运算能力、空间想象能力和逻辑思维能力最重要的预测因素;在高年级阶段,工作记忆广度对三种数学能力的预测作用下降,而工作记忆刷新和认知灵活性对数学能力的预测作用提升。这表明,各执行功能成分对不同数学能力的预测作用存在差异,并将随儿童年级的增长而发生变化。Mathematical ability is an important component of children's academic achievement and critical to individual development.Executive function,as an essential cognitive ability,is a core cognitive element that supports children’s mathematical processing.However,there have only been a few studies focusing on the effects of each component of executive function on different mathematical abilities(mathematical operation,spatial imagination,and logical thinking).Primary school is the key period during which children acquire basic mathematical ability.However,limited studies have examined the developmental relationships between the various components of executive function and the different mathematical abilities of children at different grade levels.Consequently,the purpose of this study was to examine the role of each component of executive function in the different mathematical abilities of children at different grade levels.A total of 812 children in grades 3,4,5,and 6 completed tests covering mathematical operations,spatial imagination,and logical thinking to measure their basic mathematical ability.The Stroop task and the GO/NOGO task were used to measure interference inhibition and response inhibition.Children’s working memory span was assessed using forward and backward digit span tasks.Children’s working memory updating was investigated using simple and difficult digital updating tasks.Children’s cognitive flexibility was examined using digit shifting tasks.Finally,a correlation analysis and a structural equation model(SEM)were used to investigate the impact of each component of executive function on children’s mathematical abilities at different grade levels.The results revealed that working memory was the most important factor affecting children’s mathematical skills,over inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility.Specifically,working memory span was the most statistically significant predictor of ability with respect to mathematical operations,while working memory updating was a stronger predictor

关 键 词：执行功能 数学能力 小学儿童 结构方程模型 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]