Comparative histology,transcriptome,and metabolite profi ling unravel the browning mechanisms of calli derived from ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba L.)  

作　　者：Xiaoming Yang Qi Xu Linlin Le Tingting Zhou Wanwen Yu Guibin Wang Fang-Fang Fu Fuliang Cao 

机构地区：[1]Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,People’s Republic of China

出　　处：《Journal of Forestry Research》2023年第3期677-691,共15页林业研究（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210611);the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M642261);the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(2018K197C);the Jiangsu Science and Technology Plan Project(BE2021367);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971689).

摘　　要：Gingko biloba accumulates high levels of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical value.Ginkgo calli develop a typical browning that reduces its regenerative capacity and thus its usefulness.To elucidate the browning mechanism,histological,transcriptomic,and metabolic alterations were compared between green and browning calli derived from immature ginkgo embryos.Histological observations revealed that browning calli had a more loosely arranged cell structure and accumulated more tannins than in green calli.Integrated metabolic and transcriptomic analyses showed that phenylpropanoid metabolism was specifi-cally activated in the browning calli,and 428 diff erentially expressed genes and 63 diff erentially abundant metabolites,including 12 fl avonoid compounds,were identifi ed in the browning calli compared to the green calli.Moreover,the expression of fl avonol synthase(FLS)and UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase(UGT)genes involved in the fl avonoid pathway was more than tenfold higher in browning calli than in green calli,thus promoting biosynthesis of fl avonol,which serves as a substrate to form glycosylated fl avonoids.Flavonoid glycosides constituted the major coloring component of the browning calli and may act in response to multiple stress conditions to delay cell death caused by browning.Our results revealed the cellular and biochemical changes in browning callus cells that accompanied changes in expression of browning-related genes,providing a scientifi c basis for improving ginkgo tissue culturability.

关 键 词：GINKGO Callus browning Histology TRANSCRIPTOME METABOLITE Flavonoid biosynthesis 

分 类 号：S792.95[农业科学—林木遗传育种]