公立高校师德失范行为处理制度的问题、张力及其完善  

Difficulties,Tension and Improvement of the System for Dealing with Teachers’Misconduct in Public Universities

作　　者：李一苇[1] Li Yiwei(Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学,上海200433

出　　处：《当代教育论坛》2023年第2期57-67,共11页forum on contemporary education

基　　金：2022年度上海市教育科学研究项目“高校师德失范治理的程序规制研究”(编号:C2022115);2022年度上海市人民政府决策咨询研究教育政策专项课题“‘大思政课’建设综合实验区的体系研究”(编号:2022-Z-R10)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：大学自治是公立高校师德失范行为处理制度得以建立的根本前提。师德失范行为处理应当遵循正当程序,实现协同治理。《新时代高校教师职业行为十项准则》具有现行法律依据,但责任追究存在同质化现象。借鉴经济法领域“主体—行为—责任”的分析框架,设置要素指标对互联网曝光的公立高校师德失范案例进行分析,发现公立高校师德失范行为处理制度存在以下六方面的问题:高校是处理主体,但失范主体不限于高校教师;依据分散,对高校校规援引较少;情形分布不均,存在处理原因竞合现象;程序追求效率现象明显,有规则溯及既往案例;大多情节偏重,“重处理”的责任形式显著偏多;有“同案不同判”现象,对相对人权利保护关注不够。应抓住《中华人民共和国教师法》修改的契机,从完善规范体系的系统性、加强治理主体的协同性、健全处理程序的正当性、保障制度实施的有效性四个方面着手,推动公立高校师德失范行为处理制度走向完善。University autonomy is the fundamental prerequisite for the establishment of a system for handling teachers’misconduct in public universities,and the handling of teachers’misconduct should follow due process to achieve collaborative governance.The“Ten Standards”have the current legal basis,but there is a homogeneity in accountability.Drawing on the analytical framework of“subject-behavior-responsibility”in the field of economic law,set up factor indicators to analyze the cases of teacher misconduct in public universities exposed on the Internet,and found that there are six problems in the handling system of teacher ethics in public universities.Universities are the handling subjects,but the subject of irregular ethics is not limited to college teachers.The basis is scattered,and there are few references to university regulations.The situation is unevenly distributed,and there is a phenomenon of competing reasons for processing.The phenomenon of procedural pursuit of efficiency is obvious,and there are rules retrospective to past cases.Most of the circumstances are heavier,and the form of responsibility for“heavy handling”is significantly more.There is a phenomenon of“different judgments in the same case”,and insufficient attention is paid to the protection of counterparty rights.We should seize the opportunity of the revision of the teachers,law to promote the improvement of the system for handling teachers’misconduct in public universities from four aspects:improving the systematization of the normative system,strengthening the coordination of governance subjects,improving the legitimacy of handling procedures,and ensuring the effectiveness of the implementation of the system.

关 键 词：公立高校 师德失范行为处理制度 实践问题 内在张力 完善路径 

分 类 号：G645.1[文化科学—高等教育学]