黑水虻幼虫不同加工方式营养价值评价  

Evaluation on The Nutritional Value of Different Processing Methods of The Black Soldier Fly Larvae(Hermetiaillucens)

作　　者：魏红芳 曹佩佩 郭建来[2] 张梦如 武文一 WEI Hongfang;CAO Peipei;GUO Jianlai;ZHANG Mengru;WU Wenyi(College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy,Henan Zhengzhou 450046,China;Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy,Henan Key Laboratory of Unconventional Feed Resources Innovative Utilization,Henan Zhengzhou 450046,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Henan College of Animal Husbandry and Economy,Henan Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南牧业经济学院动物科技学院,河南郑州450046 [2]河南牧业经济学院河南省非常规饲料资源创新利用重点实验室,河南郑州450046 [3]河南牧业经济学院动物医药学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《饲料工业》2023年第8期17-23,共7页Feed Industry

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点科研项目[22B230003];河南省科技攻关项目[222102110390]。

摘　　要：为探究黑水虻幼虫不同加工方式下的营养价值,试验选用微波烘干、脱脂、酶解三种加工方法对黑水虻幼虫进行处理,对常规营养指标、氨基酸、矿物元素和卫生指标进行了检测分析,并以50~75 kg生长猪营养需要量(NRC,2012)为参考蛋白,采用国际通用的评价方法对其蛋白质进行营养价值评价。结果表明:微波烘干、脱脂和酶解虫粉的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量及总能分别为5.79%、38.34%、28.83%、20.29%、20.95 MJ/kg,7.35%、48.18%、1.14%、27.35%、14.94 MJ/kg,7.78%、48.53%、1.16%、29.45%、15.29 MJ/kg;总氨基酸(TAA)含量分别为34.20%、45.05%和46.99%,必需氨基酸(EAA)含量分别为16.20%、21.98%和23.66%。微波烘干、脱脂、酶解虫粉中第一限制性氨基酸均为蛋氨酸,必需氨基酸组成与参考蛋白中的必需氨基酸的组成较接近。三种加工方式虫粉中都含有丰富的Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Na、Mg等矿物元素,其中微量元素Cu、Mn含量高于鱼粉,Mn、Na含量高于豆粕。微波烘干、脱脂和酶解虫粉中重金属、抗生素、农药残留、微生物指标均低于“饲料卫生标准(GB13078—2017)”限量要求。综上所述,经微波烘干、脱脂、酶解处理的黑水虻虫粉富含蛋白质、氨基酸和矿物元素,营养价值较高,具有较高的开发利用价值。In order to explore the nutritional value of black soldier fly larvae under different processing methods,three processing methods,namely microwave drying,degreasing and enzymolysis,were used to treat black soldier fly larvae,and their conventional nutritional indexes,amino acids,mineral elements and hygienic indexes were detected and analyzed.Taking the nutrient requirement of 50~75 kg growing pigs(NRC,2012)as the reference protein,the protein nutritional value of black soldier fly larvae was evaluated.The results showed that after microwave drying,degreasing and enzymolysis,the moisture,crude protein,crude fat,crude ash and total ener⁃gy of the larvae were 5.79%,38.34%,28.83%,20.29%,20.95 MJ/kg;7.35%,48.18%,1.14%,27.35%,14.94 MJ/kg;7.78%,48.53%,1.16%,29.45%,15.29 MJ/kg,respectively.Total amino ac⁃id content was 34.20%,45.05%and 46.99%,and essential amino acid content was 16.20%,21.98%and 23.66%,respectively.Methionine was the first limiting amino acid in microwave-drying,degreasing and enzymatic hydrolysis of the larvae,and its essen⁃tial amino acid composition was close to the reference amino acid pattern.The larvae of the three process⁃ing methods were rich in Cu,Fe,Zn,Mn,Na,Mg and other mineral elements,among which the contents of Cu and Mn were higher than that of fish meal,and the contents of Mn and Na were higher than that of soybean meal.The indexes of harmful heavy metals,antibiotics,pesticide residues and microorganisms in microwave drying,degreasing and enzymatic hydrolysis of black soldier fly larvae were all lower than the limit requirements of the standard(GB 13078—2017).In conclusion,the black soldier fly larvae treated by microwave drying,degreasing and enzymolysis are rich in high-quality protein and essential amino ac⁃ids,rich in mineral elements,high nutritional value,and have good development and utilization value.

关 键 词：黑水虻幼虫 加工方式 氨基酸 蛋白质 营养价值评价 

分 类 号：S816.34[农业科学—饲料科学]