“人格化原则”取消的代价与责任者的观点——伍德对“人是目的”命题的价值论解读及其疑难  

The Cost of Abandoning the Personification Principle and the Perspective of the Responsible Person——Wood’s Value Theory Interpretation of the Proposition“Human being is the End”and Its Doubts

作　　者：刘静[1] LIU Jing

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学马克思主义学部哲学院,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《学术月刊》2023年第3期35-44,139,共11页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“康德‘道德的政治’伦理思想及其当代意义研究”(19BZX117)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：生物技术的革命重新定义了“人的生命”,挑战了传统哲学关于人是什么的思考,康德“人是目的”命题面临着困难和挑战,建立在理性主义基础之上的尊严理论如何容纳新的伦理身份,证成非理性存在者的道德地位成为伦理学面临的新问题。伍德在康德义务论伦理学框架内,通过对人性公式的价值论重构,打破了“人格”和“物”的二元对立,在理性中心主义观念下完成“人是目的”到“物是目的”的拓展论证,最后推出“非理性存在者的道德地位”和“动物直接义务论”。但伍德的价值论重构和拓展论证,却以取消“人格化原则”为代价,造成了人性和人格性的分离,弱化了责任者的道德主体地位。其实,在康德那里,“人是目的”是一个“道德命令式”,并不依赖于价值论的基础,自由和尊严首先是一种“义务”,而不是“价值”和“权利”。我们要坚守人之为人的尊严根基和人的自由本性,坚持一种“责任者”的观点,基于义务的建构论去构建和扩大伦理关切的视界,捍卫“非理性人的尊严”和证成一种“强”的动物间接义务论。The revolution in biotechnology has redefined“human life”but challenges traditional philosophical thinking about what a human being is,and Kant’s proposition that“human being is the end”faces difficulties and challenges.How does Kant’s theory of dignity based on rationalism accommodate the new ethical identity,and how to justify“moral status of nonrational beings”have become new problems for ethics.Within the framework of Kant’s deontological ethics,Wood breaks the dichotomy between“person”and“thing”by reconstructing the value theory of the formula of humanity,completes the extended argument for the transition from“human being is the end”to“thing is the end”under the concept of logocentrism,and finally introduces the“the moral status of nonrational beings”and the“the direct duties regarding animals”.However,Wood’s reconstruction and expansion of the value theory is at the expense of abandoning the personification principle,which causes the separation of humanity and personality and weakens the moral subject status of the responsible person.In fact,on Kant’s view,“human being is the end”is a“moral imperative”that does not depend on the premise of value theory.Freedom and dignity are first a“duty”,not a“value”or“right”.Therefore,we have to hold on to the foundation of human dignity and nature of human freedom,insist on a“the responsible person”perspective,and construct and expand the horizon of ethical concerns based on the constructivism of duty.This paper will defend the“dignity of nonrational human beings”and justify a“strong”indirect duties regarding animals.

关 键 词：尊严 人性 人格性 动物性 责任者 

分 类 号：B5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]