西湖龙井产区茶树炭疽菌分离鉴定及其植物源抑菌剂筛选  

Isolation and Identification of Anthracnose Pathogen from Xihu Longjing Plantation and Screening of Its Plant-derived Fungicides

作　　者：李红莉[1] 周铁锋[1] 毛宇骁[1] 黄海涛[1] 崔宏春[1] 郑旭霞[1] 赵芸[1] LI Hongli;ZHOU Tiefeng;MAO Yuxiao;HUANG Haitao;CUI Hongchun;ZHENG Xuxia;ZHAO Yun(Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310024,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市农业科学研究院,浙江杭州310024

出　　处：《茶叶科学》2023年第2期194-204,共11页Journal of Tea Science

基　　金：杭州市农业与社会发展科研专项(20201203B93);浙江省(茶树)农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02067-4);杭州市农科院创新基金项目(2022HNCT-04);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-23)。

摘　　要：为筛选出对西湖龙井产区茶树炭疽病菌具有较好抑菌活性的植物提取物,对该地区的茶树炭疽病菌进行了分离鉴定,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了12种植物提取物的抑菌活性,进一步采用浓度梯度试验测定了3种抑菌活性较好的植物提取物的抑菌毒力。研究结果表明,引起西湖龙井产区茶树炭疽病的主要病原为山茶炭疽菌(Colletotrichum camelliae);在200 mg·L^(-1)时香荆芥酚、牛至精油和紫苏醛对该菌的抑菌活性较好,菌丝生长抑制率均在68%以上,有效中浓度(EC_(50))分别为71.459、77.155、110.753 mg·L^(-1)。显微观察发现,在添加有效中浓度的香荆芥酚、牛至精油和紫苏醛的培养基上进行病原菌培养时,菌丝形态发生明显改变,呈现变形扭曲、皱缩干瘪等现象。综上所述,香荆芥酚、牛至精油和紫苏醛对山茶炭疽菌具有较强的抑菌活性,具有开发为植物源杀菌剂的应用潜力。In order to screen out plant extracts with better antibacterial activity against anthracnose in Xihu Longjing tea producing area,the pathogens of tea anthracnose in this region were isolated and identified,and the inhibition activities of 12 plant extracts on the identified pathogen were determined using mycelial growth rate method.Concentration gradient test was further used to determine the antibacterial virulence of the top 3 plant extracts.The results show that Colletotrichum camelliae was the major pathogenic strain in the study region.At the concentration of 200 mg·L^(-1),the antifungal activities of vitriol,oregano essential oil and perillal aldehyde were better,and their inhibition rates on the growth of anthrax were all above 68%,and their effective medium concentrations(EC_(50))were 71.459,77.155 mg·L^(-1) and 110.753 mg·L^(-1),respectively.Microscopic observation shows that the mycelium morphology of C.camelliae had obvious changes in the medium when supplemented with above plant extracts,showing deformation,distortion,shrinkage and shriveled.These results indicate that carvacrol,oregano essential oil and perill aldehyde have strong antibacterial activities against C.camelliae and possess potential for development as plant-derived fungicides.

关 键 词：茶树 炭疽菌 植物提取物 抑菌活性 毒力测定 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工] S435.711[农业科学—作物学]